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NUHS 1
SKULL & FACE
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many bones are in the skull & face? | 22 |
| How many cranial bones are there? How many sets? | 8/3 |
| Name cranial bones. | frontal, parietal (2), temporal (2), occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, inferior nasal conchae (2), vomer |
| How many facial bones are there? How many sets? | 6/5 |
| Name facial bones. | nasal (2), zygomatic (2), maxillae (2), lacrimal (2), palatine (2), mandible |
| What is the frontal bone commonly known as? | forehead |
| What does the frontal bone form? | superior boundry of the orbit & anterior portion of the cranial floor |
| What do the parietals bones form? | most of the sides & roof of the cranium |
| What does the occipital bone form? | posterior portion of the skull & posterior base of cranial floor |
| Where is the foramen magnum located? | in the base of occipital bone |
| Where does the medulla oblongata & spinal cord meet? | foramen magnum |
| What is found posteriorly on the occipital bone? | external occipital protuberance, superior nuchal line, inferior nuchal line |
| What is the sphenoid bone known as? Why? | keystone of the cranial floor; because it articulates w/all of the other bones that make up the floor |
| What is unique to the sphenoid? | it has a little saddle, known as the sella turcica |
| What sits in the sella turcica? | pituitary gland |
| What does the ethmoid bone form? | part of the anterior cranial floor |
| What sticks up into the cranial cavity? | crista galli |
| What sticks down into the nasal cavity? | perpendicular plate |
| What suture seperates the frontal bone from the parietal bone? | coronal suture |
| What suture seperates the occipital bone from the parietal bone? | lambdoial suture |
| What suture seperates the parietal bones? | sagittal suture |
| What suture surrounds the temporal bones? | squamous suture |
| Where do the nasal bones meet? | @ midline |
| What do the nasal bones form? | bridge over nasal cavity |
| What does the palatine bone form? | posterior 1/3 of hard palate |
| What cavities do palatine bones seperate? | oral & nasal cavities |
| What is the shape of the vomer? Where does it lie? | triangle; perpendicular on the floor of the nasal cavity |
| What are the zygomatic bones? | cheek bones |
| What do the zygomatic bones articulate with? | temporal bones |
| What do zygomatic bones & temporal bones form? | zygomatic arches |
| What are the smallest bones on the face? Where are they located? | lacrimal bones; just posterior to the maxillary bones & just anterior to the ethmoid bone |
| What is unique to the lacrimal bones? | lacrimal fossa |
| What does the lacrimal fossa do? | shuttles tears from the eyes into the nasal cavity |
| What forms the upper jaw bone? Is it a single bone or a pair of bones? | maxillae; paired |
| What do the maxillae also form? | anterior 2/3 of hard palate |
| What is the lower jaw bone? | mandible |
| What do the mandible & temporal bone from? | temporomandibular joint |
| Name muscles of facial expression. | occipitofrontalis, orbicularis oris, zygomaticus major, zygomaticus minor, levator labii superioris, levator anguli oris, depressor labii inferioris, depressor anguli oris, buccinator, risorius, mentalis, platysma, orbicularis oculi, corrugator supercilii |
| Describe occipitofrontalis. | frontal & occiptal belly, which both pull on epicranial aponeurosis |
| What is the action of the occipitofrontalis. | draws scalp anteriorly (or posteriorly), raises eyebrows, wrinkles (horizontal) forehead skin |
| Describe orbicularis oris. | surrounds mouth (orb = circular) |
| What is the action of the orbicularis oris? | closes & protrudes lips, shapes lips during speech |
| Describe zygomaticus major. | runs from zygomatic bone to angle of mouth (modiolus) |
| What is the action of the zygomaticus major? | draws modiolus superiorly & laterally |
| Describe zygomaticus minor. | runs from zygomatic bone to upper lip |
| What is the action of zygomaticus minor? | raises upper lip |
| Describe levator labii superioris. | runs from infraorbital foramen of maxilla to modiolus |
| Describe levator anguli oris. | runs from infraorbital to skin of upper lips |
| What is the action of levator anguli oris? | draws modiolus superiorly & laterally |
| Describe depressor labii inferioris. | runs from mandible to skin of lower lip |
| What is the action of the depressor labii inferioris? | depresses lower lip |
| Describe buccinator. | runs from maxilla & mandible to orbicularis oris (modiolus) |
| What is the action of the buccinator? | presses cheeks, helps move food around in mouth |
| Describe risorious. | runs from fascia over parotid gland to modiolus |
| Describe mentalis. | from mandible to skin of chin |
| What is the action of the mentalis? | pulls skin of the chin up |
| Describe platysma. | from fascia over deltoid & pec major muscles to mandible & muscles around modiolus |
| What is the action of the platysma? | draws out lower lip inferiorly & posteriorly, helps tighten skin of neck |
| Describe orbicularis oculi & state action. | rings the orbit; closes the eye |
| Describe corrugator supercilii. | runs from frontal bone to skin of eyebrow |
| What is the action of the corrugator supercilii? | draws eyebrows inferiorly & wrinkles skin of forehead (vertically) |
| Describe Bell's Palsy. | paralysis of facial nerve 7 |
| What does facial nerve 7 do? | controls muscles of facial expression |
| What causes Bell's Palsy? | it is idopathic (cause unknown) |
| Is Bell's Palsy permanent? | no, self limiting, goes away after a while |
| What are symptoms of Bell's Palsy? | unexplained paralysis of facial muscles |
| What are treatments for Bell's Palsy? | steroids & antiviral medication |
| Name muscles of masstication. | masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid |
| Describe masseter. | from maxilla & zygomatic arch to mandible |
| What is the action of the masseter? | elevates & retracts mandible |
| Describe temporalis. | runs from temporal bones to mandible |
| What is the action of the the temporalis? | elevates & retracts mandible |
| Describe medial pterygoid. | pterygoid process to mandible |
| What is the action of the medial pterygoid? | elevates & protracts mandible & moves it side to side |
| Describe lateral pterygoid. | pterygoid process to mandible |
| What is the action of the lateral pterygoid? | protracts & depresses mandible & moves it side to side |
| Name tongue muscles. | genioglossus, styloglossus, palatoglossus, hyoglossus |
| What is the action of the genioglossus? | depresses & protracts tongue |
| What is the action of the styloglossus? | elevates & retracts tongue |
| What is the action of the palatoglossus? | elevates posterior of tongue & draws soft palate down onto tongue |
| What is the action of the hyoglossus? | depresses the tongue & draws down the sides |
| Name eye muscles. | superior rectus, inferior rectus, lateral rectus, medial rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique |
| What is the action of the superior rectus? | elevates & adducts eye |
| What is the action of the inferior rectus? | depresses & adducts eye |
| What is the action of the lateral rectus? | eye abduction |
| What is the action of the medial rectus? | eye adduction |
| What is the action of the superior oblique? | depresses & abducts eye |
| What is the action of the inferior oblique? | elevates & abducts the eye |
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mselwinc
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