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Middle Ages/Renaiss.
Covers Europe from 500-1500 CE
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Charlemagne | Frankish ruler who was crowned emperor by the Pope. Revived the Roman Empire temporarily. |
Vikings | Came from Scandinavia (Northern Europe) and attacked Western Europe during the early Middle Ages. |
Angles/Saxons | Invaded England. |
Feudal society | Organized lords, and knights [vassals] for protection. |
Manorial system | Land [fief] was given to lords in exchange for loyalty. Serfs did all the work. |
Roman Catholic Church | Most powerful institution. Preserved Greek/Roman knowledge; created new advances in science and medicine; spread Christianity and the Latin alphabet; center of social life. |
The Crusades | Christians lost but it improved their economy and exposed them to Muslim ideas like algebra, maps, etc. |
Black Death | Spread through trade routes. Led to millions of deaths but also new inventions, better treatment for serfs and weakened the Church and feudal society. |
Hundred Years War | United England and France as nation-states. |
Common Laws | Created by Henry II. Helped unite England as a nation-state. |
Ferdinand and Isabella | Spanish rulers who expelled Jews and Muslims in order to unite their country. |
The Renaissance | A re-birth of Greek and Roman culture. Classical and humanistic ideas instead of only religious ideas. |
Northern Renaissance | Focused on humanism and secular (non-religious) art and writing. |
Causes of the Renaissance | The Crusades helped Europe's economy and the printing press spread new ideas. |
The Printing Press | Invented by Johann Gutenberg. |
Petrarch | Wrote love poems that were humanistic. |
Da Vinci | Famous Renaissance artist. Painted the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper. |
Machiavelli | Renaissance author who gave rulers advice. |
Pope Urban II | His hate-filled speech began the Crusades. |
Erasmus | Northern Renaissance writer who criticized the Catholic Church. |