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HTI Final Review
HTI Final Study Guide Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Main reasons for Hemoconcentration | Leaving the tourniquet on for too long, tying too tightly, excessive pumping of the fist |
| Main reasons for Hemolysis | Vigorous shaking of the specimen, Using a needle with a small gauge |
| Main reasons for Compartment Syndrome | Caused by excessive bleeding into the tissues surrounding the venipuncture site |
| Dermal Puncture Depth- Finger | 3.0 mm |
| Dermal Puncture Depth- Heel Stick | 2.0 mm |
| Dermal Puntcure Depth- Heel Stick (Infants or Neonates) | .65-.85 mm |
| Dermal Puncture Depth- Bleeding Time Test | 1.0 mm |
| Main heel stick sites in infants | Medial and Lateral Borders of the Plantar Surface |
| Reason for not sticking in the center of plantar surface/Arch | May hit calcaneous, May hit nerve tissue in arch of foot |
| Define- Collateral Circulation | Receiving blood from more than one artery |
| Steps for Modified Allen Test | Extend wrist over towel, Make a fist, Locate pulses in radial and ulnar arteries, Pump fist, Release ulnar artery, Wait 5-10 sec for color |
| If no color appears within 5-10 seconds after Mod. Allen Test | Inadequate circulation to the artery and site should not be used |
| If color appears within 5-10 seconds after Mod. Allen Test | Adequate circulation and you may proceed with Radial Puncture |
| The Blood Bank uses what gauge of needle? | 16-18 gauge |
| Routine venipuncture uses what gauge of needle? | 22 gauge, 1 inch long |
| What is the smallest gauge of needle used for specimen collection? | 23 gauge |
| A Timed Specimen is used for | Determining an average value, Medication Levels, Changes in condition, Normal Diurnal Variation in blood levels, Cardiac Enzymes |
| Define- Basal State | The body's state after 8-12 hours of fasting and abstaining from exercise |
| Define- Fasting Specimen | 12 hours without the ingestion of foods, liquids containing caffeine, Nicotine |
| 2 Hour Postprandial Test is used for | Testing for Diabetes Mellitus |
| How does the 2 hour Postprandial Test work? | Compares the fasting glucose level with the level 2 hours after consuming glucose |
| What is the LTT? | Lactose Tolerance Test/Presence of lactase in the gut |
| What hormone's levels are twice as high in the morning? | Cortisol |
| Define- Through Level | Lowest serum level/Occurs immediately before the next dose of medication is administered |
| Define- Peak Level | Highest serum level/Occurs sometime after dose is given |
| Define- TDM | Therapeutic Drug Monitoring/Measures levels of medication in the body |
| Define- STAT | Short Turn Around Time/Specimen needed immediately, Takes priority over all other specimens |
| Define- Polymer/Thixotropic Gel? | Inert substance with density between cells & serum or plasma |
| How does Polymer Gel work? | Gel becomes liquid in the centrifuge, Moves between the lower cell layer and the upper serum/plasma level, Hardens once centrifuge stops |
| Define- RACE | R-Rescue any patients, A-Alarm call 911, C-Confine close windows and doors, E-Extinguish |
| Define- PASS | Pull the pin, Aim at the base of the fire, Squeeze the handle, Sweep |
| Excessive mixing of a sample causes what complication? | Short clotting times |
| Define- Hematoma | When blood oozes from vein into surrounding tissues |
| Main causes of a Hematoma | Excessive probing, Failure to insert needle far enough, Needle going through wrong vein, Inadequate pressure at puncture site |
| If the needle bevel is stuck in the vein wall you should | Slightly rotate the needle |
| If the needle has passed through both sides of the vein you should | Slowly pull back on the needle |
| If the needle has not advanced far enough into the vein you should | Slowly advance the needle |
| If the vein is missed completely you should | Pull the needle out slightly, relocate the vein, redirect the needle |
| If the tube is too large for the vein you should | Remove the tube, wait a few seconds, use a smaller tube |
| A tube with a vacuum that is too strong will | Pull the vein on to the bevel of the needle and block blood flow |
| The normal color of Serum is | Pale Yellow |
| Describe- Icteric Serum | Darker Yellow/Caused by increased levels of bilirubin |
| Describe- Lipemic Serum/Turbid | Cloudy/Ingestion of lipids |
| Describe- Hemolyzed Serum | Pink/Caused by the breakage of RBCs |
| The O&P fecal test is used to | Determine the presence of salmonella, giardia, other bacteria |
| Main area used for venipuncture | Antecubital Fossa |
| What are the 3 veins in the antecubital fossa? | The Cephalic (Thumb Side), Medial (Middle), Basilic (Thumb Side) |
| Why is the Basilic Vein a poor choice for venipuncture? | Because it is near a nerve and an artery |
| What color tube are specimens for Cytogenetics collected in? | Green |
| What angle is a butterfly needle inserted? | 5 Degrees |
| What angle is used for normal venipuncture? | Between 15-30 Degrees |
| Define- Petechiae | Red spots around the tourniquet caused by a clotting disorder |
| What test is used to determine pregnancy? | Hcg |
| What is the PT/INR Test used for? | To monitor a patient's warfarin treatment |
| What is the PT Test used for? | To diagnose bleeding or clotting issues |
| What is the International Normalized Ratio (INR) Test used for? | To monitor a patient's treatment on anticogulents |
| What department do BMP and CMP Tests go to? | Chemistry |
| Define- Culture & Sensitivity | Detect and identify microorganisms and determine the most effective antibiotic treatment |
| What department handles C&S testing? | Microbiology |
| What department handles CBC testing? | Hematology |
| What tests are used for determining the occurrence of a heart attack? | Creatine Kinase (CK), Creatine Kinase-MB (CK-MB), Troponin I |
| What department handles PT, PT/INR, aPTT Testing? | Coagulation |
| 2 reasons not to draw from an arm on the same side of a mastectomy | Lymph node is removed/Lymph flow to arm will be negligible, Increases chance of Lymphedema |
| Define- Lymphedema | The accumulation of lymphatic fluid causing swelling under the skin |
| Osteomyelitis is caused by | Improper venipuncture technique causing the needle to strike the bone/Common in heel sticks |
| How are mistakes corrected on documentation? | A single line through the error, Initial the line |
| What tube is used for testing lead concentration in blood? | Tan |
| How much of plasma is water? | 90% |
| How much of blood is made up of formed elements? | 45% |
| Plasma is what % of blood? | 55% |
| How is cystic fibrosis tested for? | Sweat Electrolyte Test/Sweat Chloride Test |
| Define- Diurnal Variation | Normal fluctuations in body chemistry related to hormone cycles and other patterns of change |
Created by:
jasoneldert
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