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HTI CH 6
HTI CH 6- Human Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define- Homeostasis | The dynamic state we think of when referring to good health |
| Define- Cells | Smallest living units in the body, like small factories |
| The Nucleus of the cell contains what? | DNA |
| Define- Mitochondria | Cell's power plants, Form ATP |
| Define- Cytoplasm | All cellular material except the plasma membrane and nucleus |
| Define- Plasma Membrane | Encloses the cell and tightly regulates the flow of materials in and out of the cell |
| 4 Main Tissue Types | Epithelial, Muscle, Nerve, Connective |
| Define- Epithelial Tissue | Flat sheets found on surfaces where exchange with the environment take place/The lining of the gut, Skin |
| Define- Muscle Tissue | Contractile/Can shorten in length, contain actin & myosin, 3 different forms |
| What are the 3 forms of Muscle Tissue? | Skeletal (Striated Voluntary), Cardiac (Striated Involuntary), Smooth (Non-striated Involuntary) |
| Describe- Skeletal Muscle | Most widespread, all muscles that move the skeleton, has a striped appearance |
| Describe- Cardiac Muscle | Found in heart, no stimulation from nervous system needed but electrical stimulation is necessary |
| Describe- Smooth Muscle | Lines blood and lymph vessels around the gut, lungs, & bladder/Regulate the passage of materials through the vessel |
| Describe- Nerve Tissue | Specialized for intercellular communication, Composed of Neurons |
| Define- Neuron | Cells that can be stimulated to undergo electrical and chemical changes, Found in brain and spinal cord |
| What are the 3 parts of a neuron? | Dendrite, Cell Body, Axon |
| Axons are insulated by what? | A Myelin Sheath |
| What is the small gap in-between neurons called? | Synaptic Cleft |
| Describe- Connective Tissue | To bind and support the other 3 types of tissue, has relative scarcity of cells/Bone and Blood |
| Define- Organ | A distinct structural unit in the body specialized for a complex series of functions |
| What is the function of Cartilage? | A connective tissue that supports the airways to prevent their collapse |
| Define- Anatomic Position | Body erect, facing forward, arms at side with palms facing forward with thumbs pointing outward |
| Define- Ventral/Anterior | Front surface of the body |
| Define- Dorsal/Posterior | Back surface of the body |
| Define- Lateral | Towards the side of the body, away from central axis |
| Define- Medial | Towards the center of the body |
| Define- Distal | Farther from the point of origin of the structure in question/Elbow is distal to shoulder |
| Define- Proximal | Closer to the point of attachment |
| Define- Prone | Lying on the abdomen, face down |
| Define- Supine | Lying on back with the face up |
| Define- Flexion | A movement that bends a joint |
| Define- Extension | A movement that straightens a joint |
| Define- Abduction | A movement that takes a body part farther from the central axis |
| Define- Adduction | A movement that brings a body part closer to the central axis |
| Define- Sagittal Plane | Vertical plane that divides the body into Left/Right |
| Define- Frontal Plane | Vertical plane that divides the body from Front/Back |
| Define- Transverse Plane | Horizontal plane that divides the body from Top/Bottom |
| Define- Body Cavity | Spaces within the body that contain major organ systems |
| Name the 2 main cavities in the body | Ventral and Dorsal |
| 6 Ventral Cavity Divisions | Thoracic, Pericardial, Pleural, Abdominal, Peritoneal, Pelvic |
| 2 Dorsal Cavity Divisions | Cranial and Spinal |
| Define- Hematopoiesis | The formation of RBCs in the bone marrow |
| Define- Osteoblasts | Cells that produce collagen fibers and deposit calcium to form bones |
| How many bones are in the human skeleton? | 206 |
| Define- Synarthrosis | Fixed or immovable joints/Facial, cranial bones |
| Define- Amphiarthrosis | Partially movable joints/Vertebrae |
| Define- Diarthrosis | Free moving/Shoulder, elbow, knee |
| 2 bones are held together by? | Ligaments |
| Define- Articular Cartilage | Allows the surfaces of bones to slide against each other without causing damage |
| Skeletal muscles account for what % of weight in the body? | 45% |
| What attaches muscles to the skeleton? | Tendons |
| What 3 things make up Meninges? | Pia Matter, the Arachnoid, the Dura Matter/Surround spinal cord & brain |
| Describe- The Digestive System | Responsible for the absorption of nutrients and the elimination of waste from the digestive tract |
| Jaundice is caused by? | A damaged liver and elevated levels of bilirubin |
| Capillaries in the kidneys form in to tight balls called | Glomeruli/Enclosed in Bowman's Capsule |
| Define- External Respiration | The exchange of gases in the lungs |
| Define- Internal Respiration | The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the cellular level |
| Define- Alveoli | Tiny, oxygenated sacs in the lungs |
| Define- Hormones | Chemical substances released into circulation by one group of cells that affect another group |
| The Master Gland of the Endocrine System is | The Pituitary Gland |
| Define- Glucagon | Promotes the breakdown of glycogen back into glucose and increases its release into the blood |
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jasoneldert
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