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PMI Chapter 3
Phlebotomy Essentials Ch 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Infection | A condition that results when a microorganism is able to invade the body; multiply; and cause injury |
| Communicable Diseases | Able to spread from person to person |
| Nosocomial | Applies to patient infections acquired in the hospital |
| HAI | Healthcare-Associated Infections |
| Healthcare-Associated Infections | Acquired during healthcare delivery in all healthcare settings, including home care |
| Microbe | short for microorganism; includes bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses |
| Pathogen | microbes that cause disease |
| CDC | Center for Disease Control and Prevention |
| Center for Disease Control and Prevention | Federal agency charged with the investigation and control of certain diseases |
| NHSN | National Healthcare Safety Network |
| National Healthcare Safety Network | Widely used HAI tracking system that provides data for identifying problem areas and the measuring of prevention efforts |
| HICPAC | Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee |
| Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee | Provides the CDC with advice and guidance regarding the practice of infection control and prevention in healthcare settings |
| Antibiotic Resistant Infections | C. Diff, MRSA, Enterococcus |
| Multi-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria | E. Coli, Klebsiella, Acinetobacterbaumannii, Pseudomonas |
| Chain of Infection | A series of components or events that lead to an infection |
| Infectious Agent | Pathogen responsible for causing an infection (bacteria, fungi, protozoa, virus) |
| Reservoir | Source of an infectious organism (animal, human, equipment, food, soil, water) |
| Exit Pathway | The way an infectious agent is able to leave a reservoir host (blood, exudates, excretions, secretions) |
| Means of Transmission | Method by which an infectious agent travels from a reservoir to a susceptible individual (airborne, contact, droplet, vector, vehicle) |
| Airborne Transmission | Dispersal of infectious agents in particles that can be inhaled |
| Contact Transmission | Most common means of transmitting infections |
| Droplet Transmission | The transfer of an infectious agent to the mucous membranes of the mouth, eyes, and nose |
| Vector Transmission | The transfer of an infectious agent carried by insects, or animals |
| Vehicle Transmission | Transmission of an infectious agent through contaminated food, water, or drugs |
| Entry Pathway | The way an infectious agent is able to enter a susceptible host (body orifices, mucous membranes, breaks in the skin) |
| Susceptible Host | Someone with a decreased ability to resist infection (newborns, elderly, immune suppressed) |
| Immune | A person who has received a vaccination or recovered from a particular virus that has antibodies against that virus |
| Infection Control Programs | A program that protects patients, employees, visitors, or anyone having business in a healthcare facility |
| Asepsis | Condition of being free of contaminates or germs that could cause disease |
| Asepsis Techniques | A healthcare practice used to reduce the chance of microbial contamination |
| Hand Hygiene | Most important means of preventing the spread of infections |
| Common PPE | Gloves, gowns, lab coats, scrubs, masks, goggles, face shields |
| Respirators | NIOSH-approved N95; required in patient rooms with airborne diseases |
| Isolation Procedures | Procedures that separate patients with certain transmissible infections from other |
| Protective/Reverse Isolation | Protects a highly susceptible patient from infection |
| Body Susbstance Isolation | Protects healthcare workers from pathogens by requiring gloves to be worn when dealing with moist body substances |
| Universal Precautions | Infection control strategy put in place when healthcare workers began contracting HIV |
| Standard Precautions | Specifies precautions to use in caring for all patients regardless of diagnosis or presumed infection status |
| Transmission-based Precautions | Precautions that reduce the risk of airborne, droplet, or contact transmission |
| Airborne Precautions | Precautions used for patients known to be infected by airborne droplet nuclei |
| Droplet Precaution | Precaution taken for when a patient becomes infected by droplets generated by talking, coughing, or sneezing |
| Contact Precaution | Precautions put in place for patient infections that can be transmitted by direct or indirect contact |
| OSHA | Occupational Safety and Health Act |
| Occupational Safety and Health Act | Federal agency that mandates and enforces safe working conditions for employees |
| Biosafety | The safe handling of biological substances that pose a risk to health |
| Biohazard | Anything harmful or potentially harmful to health |
| Parenteral | A route in which a person is exposed to a biohazard other than through the digestive tract |
| Airborne | Aerosols and splashes that can become airborne |
| Ingestion | Biohazards that enter through the mouth |
| Nonintact Skin | Breaks in the skin that biohazards can enter through |
| Percutaneous | Exposure to biohazards in blood or other body fluids |
| Permucosal | When biohazards enter the body through mucous membranes |
| BBP | Blood-borne Pathogens |
| Blood-borne Pathogens | An infectious microorganism present in the blood, tissues, or other body fluids |
| HBV | Hepatitis B Virus |
| Hepatitis B Virus | BBP that targets the liver, most common occurrence in the healthcare field |
| HCV | Hepatitis C Virus |
| Hepatitis C Virus | Most widespread chronic blood borne illness, no vaccination exists |
| HIV | Human Immunodeficiency Virus |
| Human Immunodeficiency Virus | virus that causes AIDs |
| BBP Standard | OSHA regulation designed to protect employees with potential occupational exposure to pathogens found in body fluids |
| Engineering Controls | Devices that isolate or remove a workplace BBP hazard |
| Work Practice Controls | Practices that alter how tasks are performed to reduce the likelihood of BBP exposure |
| Exposure Control Plan | Documents the evaluation and implementation of safer medical devices |
| Exposure Incident Report | An immediate response to exposure incidents |
| Electrical Safety | Electrical shock or other electrical injuries |
| Fire Safety | Knowledge of fire components, fire classes, and fire extinguishers |
| Fire Components | Fuel,+Heat,+Oxygen=Fire |
| Class A Fire | Ordinary combustibles (wood, paper, clothing) |
| Class B Fire | Flammable objects, liquids, or vapors (paint, oils, greases, gasoline) |
| Class C Fire | Electrical equipment |
| Class D Fire | Combustible or reactive metals ( sodium, potassium, magnesium, lithium) |
| Class K Fire | High-temperature cooking oils, grease, or fats |
| Class A Extinguisher | Soda and Acid or water to cool |
| Class B Extinguisher | Foam, dry chemicals, or carbon dioxide to block the source of oxygen and smother |
| Class C Extinguisher | Dry chemicals, carbon dioxide, halon, or other nonconducting agents to smother |
| Class ABC Extinguisher | Dry chemicals, can be used on A, B, or C fires |
| Class K Extinguisher | Potassium-based alkaline liquid designed for high-temperature fires that cool and smother without splashing |
| R.A.C.E | Rescue (individuals), Alarm (911), Confine(keep from spreading), Extinguish(fire) |
| PASS | Pull pin, Aim nozzle, Squeeze trigger, Sweep nozzle |
| Radiation Safety | Distance, shielding, and time |
| HazCom | Protects employees who may come into contact with hazardous chemicals |
| Health Hazard Pictogram | carcinogen, mutagenicity, reproductive toxicity, respiratory sensitizer, target organ toxicity, aspiration toxicity |
| Flame Pictogram | flammables, pyrophonics, self-heating, emits flammable gases, self-reactives, organic peroxides |
| Exclamation Mark Pictogram | skin and eye irritant, skin sensitizer, narcotic effects, hazardous to ozone layer |
| Gas Cylinder Pictogram | gases under pressure |
| Corrosion Pictogram | skin burns, eye damages, corrosive to metals |
| Exploding Bomb Pictogram | explosives, self-reactives, organic peroxides |
| Flame over Circle Pictogram | oxidizers |
| Environment Pictogram | aquatic toxicity |
| Skull and Crossbones Pictogram | fatal or toxic acute toxicity |
| External Hemorrhage | Abnormal or profuse bleeding from an obvious wound |
| Shock | Results when there is an insufficient return-of-blood |
| CPR | Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation |
| Personal Wellness | Proper nutrition, Rest and Exercise, Personal Hygiene, Back Protection, Stress Management |
Created by:
Bonavita_M
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