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Ch. 21 Industrial Re
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Industrial Revolution | A period of rapid growth in the use in the use of machines in manufacturing and production that began in the mid 1700s |
| Enclosure Movement | A process in Europe from 1700s to the mid |
| Factors of Production | The basic resources for industrialization, such as land, labor, and capital |
| Cottage Industry | A usually small scale industry carried on at home by family members using their own equipment |
| Factory | A place where goods are manufactured in mass quantity |
| Industrialization | Developing industries for the production of goods |
| Jethro Tull | British Inventor; he invented the seed drill |
| Richard Arkwright | English inventor; in 1769 he patented the spinning frame, which spun stronger, thinner, thread |
| James Watt | Scottish inventor; he developed crucial innovations to make the steam engine efficient, fast, and better able to power machinery |
| Robert Fulton | American engineer and inventor; he built the first commercially successful, full |
| Labor Union | An organization representing workers interest |
| Strike | A work stoppage |
| Mass Production | The system of manufacturing large numbers of identical items |
| Interchangeable Parts | Identical machine made parts that can be substituted for each other in manufacturing |
| Assembly Line | A mass production process in which a product is moved forward through many work stations where workers perform specific tasks |
| Laissez faire | A business system where companies are allowed to conduct business without interference by the government |
| Adam Smith | Scottish economist; he became the leading advocate of laissez faire economics and is considered by some to be the "father of modern economics" he wrote the first true text on economics, The Wealth of Nations, in 1776 |
| Thomas Malthus | English economist and sociologist; his theory that population growth would exceed the growth of food production and that poverty would always exist was used to justify low wages and laws restricting charity to the poor |
| Entrepreneur | A risk taker who starts a new business within the economic system of capitalism |
| Andrew Carnegie | American industrialist and humanitarian; he led the expansion of the US steel industry in the late 1800s and early 1900s |
| Socialism | A political and economic system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns the means of production |
| Karl Marx | German social philosopher and chief theorist of modern socialism and communism; he declared that as capitalism grew, more and more workers would become impoverished and miserable.He advocated for a state in which the workers own the production |
| Communism | Economic and political system in which government owns the means of production and controls economic planning |
| Standard of Living | A measure of the quality of life |
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bprimo
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