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World Religions Test
Judaism, Islam, Zoroastrianism, Baha'i, First Nation Spirituality, and Jainism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Is Judaism a religion or a culture or both? | Both |
| What is "Tanakh"? | The complete Hebrew Scriptures, comprised of three parts |
| What is "Talmud"? | The collection of rabbinic teachings that governed the Jews during the Medieval period, also oral Torah |
| What is "Gemara"? | A narrative collection that makes up part of the Talmud, printed around the outside |
| What is "Kabbalah"? | Rabbinic teachings that give "secret" meaning to the Hebrew scriptures |
| What is the "Shema"? | A passage in the Torah (Deuteronomy) which begins with "Hear, O Israel" and confirms the unity of God, recited twice daily |
| What are characteristics of Orthodox Judaism? | Rules are absolute, unchanging laws from God |
| What are characteristics of Conservative Judaism? | Laws come from God and change and evolve over time |
| What are characteristics of Reformed Judaism? | Rules are guidelines and you can choose whether or not to follow them |
| Is Judaism the same as the religion/ faith-life of the Old Testament? | No |
| What does "Islam" mean? | "Surrender or submission" |
| What is the strict name of God for Islam? | Allah |
| What is the basic text of Islam? | Qur'an |
| What role does Muhammed play in the development of Islam? | He was a prophet through whom God revealed the Qur'an |
| What are the "five pillars" of Islam? | Profession of faith, five daily prayers, welfare tax (zakat), fasting (during month of Ramadan), pilgrimage to Mecca |
| Is there a central authority in Islam? | No |
| What is an imam? | Religious leader (perfect leader) |
| What is sharia law? | "The path leading to the water place" or "the highway of life leading to God", most offenses punishable by retaliation |
| Is Islam understood to be a theocracy? What is that? | Yes, it is a state governed by God |
| What are characteristics of Sunni Muslims? | Claim head of state must be from Prophet's tribe; embraces toleration; emphasis on divine omnipotence at expense of freedom and efficacy of human free will; nothing exists except God; Muslims must obey even a tyrannical ruler; bigger group |
| What are characteristics of Shi'ah Muslims? | Claim ruler must come from Prophet's family; imam is transformed into manifestation of God, knowledge derived from sources other than imam are useless; freedom of human will and capacity of human reason to know good and evil; allows temporary marriage |
| What are some of the general experiences of religious life for a Muslim? | Weekly Holy Day on Fridays; Sharia law = most important and comprehensive concept of Islam; chastity regarded as of prime importance; prohibition of representation of living creatures in art |
| Who is the founder of Zoroastrianism? | Zarathushtra (Zoroaster) |
| What are the approximate dates of the founder? | 6,000 - 6000 B.C. (Conservative estimates 1,500-1,000 B.C. |
| Why is this religion studied even though it is so small in adherents? | Individuals are born into the religion, converts are not accepted |
| What is the "Avesta"? | Sacred writing comprised of five hymns called Gathas |
| Who is Ahura Mazda? | The one God (in Zoroastrianism) |
| Who are the Bounteous Immortals? | Higher spirits directly under Ahura Mazda |
| Who is Angra Mainyu? | Evil opposition to Ahura Mazda? |
| Why is fire important in Zoroastrianism? | Fire symbolizes God and is used in ceremonies |
| What is the difference between the Bab and Bahaullah? | The Bab founded Baha'i and prohesied the coming of one greater than himself. Ten years later, Bahaullah claimed to be that one and became the leader of the religion |
| What is the basic teaching of Baha'i? | All religions sprang from same spiritual source; belief in unity of all great religions |
| Why is this religion especially persecuted by Islam? | Shi'a Islam contains a prophecy of one who would lead the Shi'ah Muslims to victory; the Bab is claimed to be that leader |
| How does Baha'i "swallow up" all previous important religious figures? | They are all considered prophets |
| What are basic First Nation beliefs about a deity? | Ancient evidence of the concept of a high being; Creator concept; ex nihilo; Great Spirit; symbolized by the Cosmic Pillar (tree of life, continued upholding of the universe) |
| What are basic First Nation beliefs about Creation? | "Earth diver", cosmic spider, emanatistic development, culture hero responsible for societal structure (the trickster, the coyote) |
| What are basic First Nation beliefs about the after-life? | Attitudes toward death range from stoicism to fear and horror); role of culture hero in bringing about death; concepts of soul vary (that which animates the body, that which is separate from the body); varying understanding of the realm of departed souls |
| What are basic First Nation beliefs about cosmology? | Often a mixture of natural and supernatural elements; leveled universe (often three, sometimes more); populated by spirits of varying degrees of care or evil |
| What is a vision quest? | Effort to associate with guardian spirits; may be planned or spontaneous; may be part of becoming a shaman; may involve medicine bundle or intoxicants |
| What is a shaman? | Healer, medicinal + supernatural care, spiritual leader |
| What is a sweat lodge? | Spiritual experience where people enter a sauna-like environment and remain there, purges toxins, connects with nature, spiritual reunion with Creator |
| What is difficult about studying and generalizing about First Nation spirituality? | There is no uniform religion, difficult for outsiders to understand, many refuse to give outsiders accurate information in effort to keep religion pure, many have now left traditional practices |
| What is the full name of Jainism? | Jain Dharma |
| What is Tirthankara? | One who established the four-fold order of religion |
| What is arahant? | One who destroys his inner enemies |
| What is jina? | One who conquers his inner enemies |
| Who is Mahavir? | Most recent jina (last of 24), left family, eventually became a Siddha, organized Jainism |
| Why are the 24 examples important? | 24 Jinas ("those who overcame"), roots of Jainism can be traced back to them, first is believed to be a Jina |
| Jain Dharma brings together themes from what two large world religions? | Hinduism and Buddhism |
| What is a Siddha? | A pure consciousness, a liberated soul |
| What are the five vows of Jain Dharma? | Nonviolence, truthfulness, non-stealing, chastity, non-possession/non-attachment |
| How are the two groups in Jain Dharma distinguished? | In "sky-clad" group, monks don't wear clothing; in "white-clad" group, monks wear white robes, laypeople can wear any clothing |
| What are characteristic of the Jewish festival of Shavuot? | Marks the giving of the Torah on Mt. Sinai. The Ten Commandments are read in synagogues, just as they were in the desert on Mt. Sinai over 3,300 years ago. |
| What are characteristic of the Jewish festival of Rosh Hashanah? | The Jewish New Year. It is the anniversary of the creation of Adam and Eve, and a day of judgment and coronation of G‑d as king. |
| What are characteristic of the Jewish festival of Yom Kippur? | The holiest day on the Jewish calendar, the Day of Atonement |
| What are characteristic of the Jewish festival of Sukkot? | The feast of booths marks the 40 years of wilderness journey out of Egypt |
| What are characteristic of the Jewish festival of Chanukah? | Commemorates the rededication of the Temple in Jerusalem after a group of Jewish warriors defeated the occupying mighty Greek armies |
| What are characteristic of the Jewish festival of Purim? | Celebrates the deliverance of the Jewish people from the wicked Haman in the days of Queen Esther of Persia. |
| What are characteristic of the Jewish festival of Passover? | Celebrates the deliverance of the Jewish people from slavery in Egypt |
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marchsh
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