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Med Term zCH12
Med Term zCH12 The Integumentary System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cutane/o | skin |
| derm/o | skin |
| dermat/o | skin |
| hidr/o | sweat |
| hirsut/o | hairy, rough |
| kerat/o | horny, hard |
| lip/o | fat/ lipid |
| melan/o | black, dark |
| myc/o | fungus |
| onych/o | fingernail or toenail |
| pil/i | hair |
| pil/o | hair |
| py/o | pus |
| rhytid/o | wrinkle |
| seb/o | sebum |
| urtic/o | rash, hives |
| xer/o | dry |
| Skin, primary functions | intact skin 1st line of immune defense, waterproofs body & is major receptor for sense of touch. |
| sebaceous glands, primary functions | secrete sebum (oil) to lubricate the skin & discourage the growth of bacteria on the skin |
| sweat glands, primary functions | secrete sweat to regulate body temp & water content & excrete some metabolic waste |
| hair, primary functions | aids in controlling the loss of body heat |
| nails, primary functions | protect the dorsal surface of the last bone of each finger & toe |
| integumentary system consists of... | skin & related structures |
| integumentary system does this... | performs important functions in maintaining the health of the body |
| skin is major receptor for... | sense of touch |
| skin helps body synthesize | vitamin D, which is an essential nutrient, from sun's ultraviolet light, while screening out some harmful UV radiation |
| vitamin D | an essential nutrient, from the sun's ultraviolet light. |
| avg amount of skin on an adult | 2 square yards, which makes it the largest bodily organ. |
| "related structures" of the integumentary system | sebaceous glands, sweat glands, hair, and nails |
| 3 layers of skin | epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous |
| cutaneous | pertaining to the skin |
| epidermis | outermost layer of skin, made up of several specialized epithelial tissues. Does not contain any blood vessels or connective tissue |
| epithelial tissue | forms a protective covering for all internal & external surfaces of the body |
| squamous epithelial tissue | forms upper layer of epidermis that consists of flat, scaly cells that are continuously shed |
| squamous | scale-like |
| basal layer | lowest layer of epidermis where new cells are produced & pushed upward. When cells reach surface, they die and become filled w/ keratin |
| keratin | fibrous, water-repellent protein. |
| soft keratin | primary component of epidermis |
| hard keratin | found in hair & nails |
| melanocytes | special cells that are also found in the basal cell layer. Produce & contain a dark brown to black pigment known as melanin. |
| melanin | pigment that determines color of skin, which depends on type & amount of pigment that is present. Produces spots of color such as freckles & age spots, protects against some UV rays |
| ultraviolet | UV, light that is beyond the visible spectrum @ the violet end. Some help skin produce vit D, others damage skin. |
| dermis | aka corium; thick layer of living tissue directly below the epidermis. Contains connective tissue, blood & lymph vessels, & nerve fibers. |
| Related structures of the integumentary system found in the dermis | hair follicles, sebaceous glands, & sweat glands |
| sensory nerve endings in the dermis | sensory receptors for stimuli such as touch, temperature, pain, & pressure |
| collagen in the dermis | means glue; tough yet flexible fibrous protein material found in the skin & also in bones, cartilage, tendons, & ligaments |
| mast cells | found in connective tissue of dermis, respond to injury, infection, or allergy by producing & releasing substances, including heparin & histamine |
| heparin | released in response to an injury, is an anticoagulant. |
| anticoagulant | prevents blood clotting |
| histamine | released in response to allergens, causes the signs of an allergic reaction response, including itching & increased mucus secretion |
| subcutaneous layer | located just below the layers of skin & connects the skin to the surface muscles. Made up of loose connective tissue |
| adipose | fat |
| cellulite | term used to describe deposits of dimpled fat around the buttocks & thighs. Ordinary fatty tissue. |
| lipocytes | aka fat cells; predominant in subcutaneous layer where they manufacture & store large qty's of fat |
| sebaceous glands | located in dermis layer of skin & are closely associated w/ hair follicles |
| sebum | sebaceous glands secrete this. Oily substance released through ducts opening into hair follicles. Then moves onto surface & lubricates skin. |
| because sebum is slightly acidic, it discourages the growth of... | bacteria on skin |
| sweat glands | aka sudoriferous glands; tiny coiled glands found on almost all body surfaces. |
| 2 types of sweat glands | apocrine glands (in hair follicles) and eccrine glands (open onto the skin & are most numerous in palms of hands, soles of feet, forehead. |
| pores | openings on the surface of the skin that act as the ducts of the sweat glands |
| perspiration | commonly known as sweat; secreted by sweat glands & is made up of 99% water plus some salt & metabolic waste products. |
| how much liquid is perspired daily | up to 1 quart |
| as perspiration evaporates into the air... | it also cools the body |
| body odor associated w/ perspiration... | comes from the interaction of sweat w/ bacteria on the skin's surface |
| hidrosis | production & excretion of perspiration |
| mammary glands | produce milk & are modified sweat glands, sometimes classified w/ integumentary system. Also part of reproductive system |
| hair | fibers are rod-like structures composed of tightly fused, dead protein cells filled w/ hard keratin. Darkness & color of hair determined by amt & type of melanin produced by melanocytes that surround core of hair shaft |
| hair follicles | sacs that hold the root of the hair fibers. Shape of follicle determines whether hair is straight or curly. |
| although hair is dead tissue... | it appears to grow b/c cells @ base of follicle divide rapidly & push old cells upward. As cells pushed upward, harden & undergo pigmentation |
| arrector pili | tiny muscle fibers attached to the hair follicles that cause the hair to stand erect. In cold or fright, muscles contract, causing raised areas of skin - goose bumps. |
| what is the reasoning behind goose bumps? | action reduces heat loss through the skin |
| unguis | aka finger/toe nail; the keratin plate that protects the dorsal surface of the last bone of each finger/ toe. |
| part of a nail | body, bed, free edge, lunula, cuticle, nail root |
| nail body | translucent & is closely molded to the surface of the underlying tissues. Made up of hard, keratinized plates of epidermal cells |
| nail bed | joins nail body to the underlying connective tissue, nourishes the nail. BV's here give nail its pink color |
| free edge of nail | portion of the nail not attached to the nail bed, extends beyond the tip of the finger/toe |
| nail lunula | pale half-moon-shaped region at every nail root, generally most easily seen in thumbnail. Active area of nail, where new keratin cells form |
| -ula | little |
| nail cuticle | narrow band of epidermis attached to the surface of the nail just in front of the root, protecting new keratin cells as they form |
| nail root | fastens nail to the finger or toe by fitting into a groove in the skin |
| dermatologist | physician who specializes in diagnosing & treating disorders of the skin |
| plastic surgeon | physician who specializes in the surgical restoration & reconstruction of body structures. |
| plastic | related to suffix -plasty, meaning surgical repair |
| cosmetic surgeons | plastic surgeons who perform operations such as breast augmentation, liposuction, & facelifts usually done for aesthetic rather that medical |
| acne vulgaris | acne; chronic inflammatory disease w/ pustular eruptions of the skin caused by overproduction of sebum around hair shaft. Often triggered by hormones in puberty, but also occurs in adults |
| vulgaris | Latin term meaning common |
| comedo | noninfected lesion formed by buildup of sebum & keratin in a hair follicle often assoc. w/ acne vulgaris. |
| whitehead | comedo w/ obstructed opening |
| blackhead | sebum plug that is exposed to air & oxidizes |
| epidermoid cyst | aka sebaceous cyst; closed sac that is found just under skin, contain yellow fatty material & usually found on face, neck, or trunk |
| seborrhea | overactivity of the sebaceous glands that results in the production of an excessive amt of sebum |
| seborrheic dermatitis | inflammation sometimes resulting from seborrhea that causes scaling & itching of upper layers of skin or scalp. |
| extensive dandruff | form of seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp |
| cradle cap | scalp rash in infants from seborrheic dermatitis |
| mild dandruff | usually caused by yeast-like fungus on scalp |
| seborrheic keratosis | benign skin growth that has a waxy or "pasted-on" look. Can occur in color from light tan to black, occur most in elderly |
| anhidrosis | abnormal condition of lacking sweat in response to heat |
| diaphoresis | profuse seating; normal condition when brought on by heat or exertion but can also be body's response to emotional/ physical stress |
| phor | movement |
| heat rash | prickly heat; intensely itchy rash caused by blockage of sweat glands by bacteria & dead cells |
| hyperhnidrosis | excessive sweating in one area or over whole body |
| sleep hyperhidrosis | aka night sweats; occurrence of hyperhidrosis during sleep. Many potential causes including menopause, medications, infectious diseases |
| folliculitis | inflammation of hair follicle; especially common on arms, legs, & beard area of men. |
| hot tub folliculitis | bacterium found in poorly chlorinated hot tubs or whirlpools infects hair follicle |
| trichomycosis axillaris | superficial bacterial infection of the hair shafts in areas w/ extensive sweat glands, such as armpits |
| trich/o | hair |
| hirsutism | presence of excessive facial hair in women, usually occurring in male pattern, can be hereditary or caused by hormone imbalance |
| hirsut | hairy |
| alopecia | baldness; partial or complete loss of hair, most commonly on scalp |
| alopec | baldness |
| alopecia areata | autoimmune disorder that attacks the hair follicles, causing defined bald areas on scalp or elsewhere on body |
| areata | occurring in patches |
| alopecia totalis | uncommon condition characterized by loss of all the hair on scalp |
| alopecia universalis | total loss of hair on all parts of body |
| universalis | total |
| adrogenic alopecia | most common type of hair loss |
| androgenic | referring to androgens |
| androgens | hormones involved in the development & maintenance of masculine characteristics |
| male pattern baldness | androgenic alopecia where hairline recedes from front to back until only a horseshoe-shaped area of hair remains |
| female pattern baldness | androgenic alopecia where hair thins in front and on sides of scalp, sometimes on the crown. Rarely total hair loss |
| clubbing | abnormal curving of the nails that is often accompanied by enlargement of the fingertips. Can be hereditary, but usually caused by social changes assoc. w/ oxygen deficiencies related to coronary or pulmonary diseases such as lung cancer |
| koilonychia | aka spoon nail; malformation of nails in which the outer surface is concave or scooped out like a bowl of a spoon. Indication of iron deficiency |
| koil | hollow or concave |
| onych | fingernail or toenail |
| onychia | aka onychitis; an inflammation of the bed of the nail that often results in loss of nail |
| onychocryptosis | aka ingrown toenail; edges of a toenail, usually on big toe, curve inward & cut into the skin. Affected area prone to inflammation or infection |
| onychomycosis | fungal infection of the nail. Depending on fungus, condition can cause nails to turn white, yellow, green, or black to become thick or brittle |
| paronychia | acute or chronic infection of the skin fold around the nail |
| par- | near |
| acanthosis nigricans | condition where 1 or more areas of the skin develop dark, wart-like patches. Can be sign of disease such as cancer or type 2 diabetes or a reaction to medication. |
| solar lentigines | aka age spots, liver spots; discolorations caused by sun exposure. Although harmless, spots sometimes resemble skin cancer |
| albinism | genetic condition w/ deficiency or absence of pigment in skin, hair, & irises of eyes. Result of missing enzyme that is necessary for production of melanin. |
| albin | white |
| albino | person with albinism |
| chloasma | aka melasma, mask of pregnancy; pigmentation disorder w/ brownish spots on face. Can occur during pregnancy, especially woman w/ dark hair & fair skin, disappears after delivery |
| vitiligo | skin condition resulting from destruction of melanocytes due to unknown causes. Causes irregular patches of white skin. Hair in affected area may also turn white |
| depigmentation | irregular patches of white skin |
| contusion | injury to underlying tissues w/o breaking skin - discoloration & pain |
| contus | bruise |
| discoloration of contusion caused by... | accumulation of blood w/in skin |
| ecchymosis | bruise; large, irregular area of purplish discoloration due to bleeding under skin. |
| ecchym | pouring out of juice |
| purpura | appearance of multiple purple discolorations on skin caused by bleeding underneath skin. Smaller than ecchymosis & larger than petechiae |
| petechiae | very small, pinpoint hemorrhages that are less than 2mm in diameter. Sometimes result from high fevers |
| hematoma | usually caused by injury, swelling of clotted blood trapped in tissues. Body eventually reabsorbs this blood. Named for area occurred. |
| subungual hematoma | blood trapped under finger/ toe nail |
| lesion | pathologic change of tissues due to disease or injury; skin lesions are described by their appearance, location, color, & size measured in cm |
| crust | scab; collection of dried serum & cellular debris |
| erosion | wearing away of a surface, such as the epidermis of the skin or outer layer of a mucous membrane, can also describe progressive loss of dental enamel. |
| macule | macula; discolored flat spot that is less than 1cm in diameter. Freckles, flat moles...ex. |
| nodule | solid, raised skin lesion that is larger than 0.5cm in diameter & deeper than a papule. In acne vulgaris, nodules can scar |
| papule | small, raised red lesion that is less than 0.5cm in diameter & does not contain pus. Small pimples & insect bites are types |
| plaque | scaly, solid raised area of closely spaced papules, ex psoriasis |
| scales | flakes or dry patches made up of excess dead epidermal cells. Some shedding of these scales is normal. Excessive shedding associated w/ skin disorders |
| verrucae | warts; small, hard skin lesions caused by human papillomavirus |
| plantar warts | verrucae that develop on the sole of the foot |
| wheal | welt; small bump that itches; can appear as urticaria, or hives, as a symptom of an allergic reaction |
| abscess | closed pocket containing pus that is caused by a bacterial infection. Abscess can appear on the skin or w/in other structures of body |
| purulent | producing or containing pus |
| exudate | a fluid, such as pus, that leaks out of an infected wound |
| cyst | abnormal sac containing gas, fluid, or a semisolid material. most common skin cyst is sebaceous cyst |
| pustule | pimple; small circumscribed lesion containing pus |
| circumscribed | contained w/in a limited area. Can be caused by acne vulgaris, impetigo, or other skin infections |
| vesicle | small blister, less than 0.5cm in diameter, containing watery fluid. Ex poison ivy rash |
| bulla | large blister that is usually more than 0.5cm in diameter |
| abrasion | injury in which superficial layers of skin are scraped or rubbed away |
| fissure | groove or crack-like break in the skin. ex. cracks btw toes, caused by tinea pedis. |
| laceration | torn or jagged wound or an accidental cut wound |
| pressure sore | previously known as decubitus ulcer or bedsore; open ulcerated would that is caused by prolonged pressure on area of skin. |
| needlestick injury | accidental puncture wound caused by a used hypodermic needle, potentially transmitted an infection. |
| puncture wound | injury caused by pointed object piercing skin |
| ulcer | open lesion of the skin or mucous membrane resulting in tissue loss around the edges. |
| birthmark | mole or blemish on skin present at birth or shortly thereafter, some fade w/ age |
| pigmented birthmarks | include nevi, cafe-au-lait spots, and other irregularities in skin color |
| nevi | moles |
| vascular birthmarks | aka salmon patches, red birthmarks; caused by blood vessels close to skin's surface. Most common type of birthmark. |
| capillary hemangioma | aka strawberry birthmark; soft, raised, pink, or red vascular birthmark. |
| hemangioma | benign tissue mass made up of newly formed small blood vessels that in birthmarks are visible through the skin |
| port-wine stain | flat vascular birthmark made up of dilated blood capillaries, creating a large, reddish-purple discoloration on face or neck. Will not resolve w/o treatment |
| dermatitis | describes inflammation of the skin, usually redness, swelling, and itching |
| contact dermatitis | CD; localized allergic response caused by contact w/ irritant, such as diaper rash. Can also be caused by exposure to allergen |
| eczema | atopic dermatitis; form of persistent or recurring dermatitis usually characterized by redness, itching, & dryness, w/ possible blistering, cracking, oozing, or bleeding. Chronic condition most often seen in infants & children - immune system malfunction |
| exfoliative dermatitis | widespread scaling of the skin accompanied by pruritus, erythroderma, & hair loss. |
| pruritus | itching; associated w/ most forms of dermatitis |
| prurit | itching |
| erythema | redness of the skin due to capillary dilation |
| dilation | expansion of the capillary |
| erythema infectiosum | 5th disease; mildly contagious viral infection common in childhood. Produces red, lace-like rash on child's face like they've been slapped. |
| erythema multiforme | skin disorder resulting from generalized allergic reaction to an illness, infection, or medication. Affects skin, mucous membranes, or both & appear as nodules, papules, macules, vesicles, or bullae |
| erythema pernio | chilblains; purple-red inflammation occurs when small BV's below skin are damaged, usually due to exposure to cold & damp weather. Warmth restores circulation |
| sunburn | form of erythema in which skin cells are damaged by exposure to UV rays in sunlight. Increases chances of skin cancer |
| erythroderma | abnormal redness of entire skin surface |
| exanthem | widespread rash, usually in children. |
| rash | breaking out, or eruption, that changes color or texture of skin |
| hand, foot, & mouth disease | mild viral infection common in children under 5; sores in mouth & throat & rash on hands & feet |
| dermatosis | general term used to denote skin lesions or eruptions of any type that are not associated w/ inflammation |
| ichthyosis | hereditary disorders w/ dry, thickened, & scaly skin. Caused by slowing of skin's natural shedding or by rapid increase in production of skin's cells |
| ichthy | dry or scaly |
| lipedema | painful fat syndrome; chronic abnormal condition w/ accumulation of fat & fluid in tissues just under skin of hips & legs. Affects women & even w/ weight loss does not go away. |
| systemic lupus erythematosus | lupus; autoimmune disorder w/ red, scaly rash on face & upper trunk. Also attacks connective tissue in other body systems, especially joints. |
| psoriasis | common skin disorder w/ flare-ups of red papules covered w/ silvery scales on elbows, knees, scalp, back, or buttocks |
| rosacea | adult acne; tiny red pimples & broken BV's. chronic condition of unknown cause on fair skin btw 30-60yo |
| rhinophyma | bulbous nose; usually occurs in older men; hyperplasia (overgrowth) of tissues of nose, assoc w/ advanced rosacea |
| -phyma | growth |
| scleroderma | autoimmune disorder where connective tissues become thickened & hardened, causing skin to become hard & swollen |
| urticaria | hives; itchy wheals caused by allergic reaction |
| xeroderma | xerosis; excessively dry skin |
| carbuncle | cluster of connected furuncles (boils) |
| cellulitis | acute, rapidly spreading bacterial infection w/in connective tissues w/ malaise, swelling, warmth, & red streaks. |
| furuncles | boils; large, tender, swollen areas caused by staphylococcal infection around hair follicles or sebaceous glands |
| gangrene | death of tissue, most commonly caused by loss of circulation to affected tissues. Tissue death followed by bacterial invasion that causes putrefaction - if enters bloodstream, fatal. |
| putrefaction | decay that produces foul-smelling odors |
| impetigo | highly contagious bacterial skin infection that commonly occurs in children. Isolated pustules that become crusted & rupture. |
| necrotizing fasciitis | severe infection caused by group A strep bacteria |
| group A strep bacteria | flesh-eating bacteria |
| necrotizing | causing tissue death |
| fasciitis | inflammation of fascia |
| pyoderma | any acute, inflammatory, pus-forming bacterial skin infection such as impetigo |
| mycosis | any abnormal condition or disease caused by a fungus |
| tinea | ringworm; fungal infection that can grow on skin, hair, nails. No worms, but fungus spreads out in worm-like circle. |
| tinea capitis | found on scalps of children |
| capitis | head |
| tinea corporis | fungal infection of the skin on body |
| corporis | body |
| tinea cruris | jock itch; found in genital area |
| tinea pedis | athlete's foot; most commonly found btw toes |
| pedis | foot |
| tinea versicolor | pityriasis versicolor; fungal infection that causes painless, discolored areas on skin. |
| versicolor | variety of color |
| infestation | dwelling of microscopic parasites on external surface tissue. Some parasites liver temporarily on skin, others lay eggs/ reproduce |
| pediculosis | infestation w/ lice |
| pedicul | lice |
| nits | lice eggs |
| how do you get rid of lice | lice eggs, nits, must be destroyed |
| 3 types of lice | pediculosis capitis, pediculosis corporis, & pediculosis pubis |
| pediculosis capitis | infestation w/ head lice |
| pediculosis corporis | infestation w/ body lice |
| pediculosis pubis | infestation w/ lice in the pubic hair & pubic region |
| scabies | skin infection caused by infestation of itch mites. Tiny mites cause small, itchy bumps & blisters by burrowing into top layer of human skin to lay eggs. Meds can kill mites, but itching can last for weeks. |
| callus | thickening of part of the skin on the hands or feet caused by repeated rubbing. |
| clavus or corn | callus in the keratin layer of skin covering the joint of toes, usually caused by ill-fitting shoes |
| cicatrix | normal scar resulting from healing of a wound |
| granulation tissue | tissue that normally forms during the healing of a wound, this tissue eventually forms the scar. |
| granuloma | general term used to describe a small, knot-like swelling of granulation tissue in the epidermis. Can result from inflammation, injury, or infection |
| granul | granular |
| keloid | abnormally raised or thickened scar that expands beyond the boundaries of the original incision. Tendency to form keloids is often inherited & more common for ppl w/ dark-pigmented skin |
| keratosis | any skin growth, such as a wart or callus, in which there is overgrowth & thickening of skin |
| leukoplakia | patches of keratosis in the mouth |
| lipoma | benign, slow-growing fatty tumor located btw skin & muscle layer. Usually harmless & treatment rarely necessary unless painful or in bothersome location |
| nevus | mole; small, dark skin growth that develops from melanocytes in skin. Normally benign |
| dysplastic nevi | atypical moles that can develop into skin cancer |
| papilloma | benign, superficial, wart-like growth on epithelial tissue or elsewhere in body, such as bladder |
| papill | resembling nipple |
| polyp | general term used most commonly to describe mushroom-like growth from surface of mucous membrane, like nose polyp |
| skin tags | small, flesh-colored or light-brown polyps that hang from body by fine stalks. Benign & tend to enlarge w/ age |
| skin cancer | malignant growth on skin which can have many causes, including repeated sunburns or long-term exposure to sun. Very common, affecting 1/5 ppl |
| 3 main types of skin cancer | basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, & melanoma |
| actinic keratosis | solar keratosis; precancerous skin growth that occurs on sun-damaged skin. Looks like a red, tan, or pink scaly patch - sandpaper |
| precancerous | a growth that is not yet malignant, but if not treated it is likely to become malignant |
| basal cell carcinoma, what is it | malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of epidermis. Most common, least harmful. Slow growing, rarely spreads. |
| basal cell carcinoma looks | Lesions mainly on face/ neck & bleed easily. Pink/smooth raised w/ depression in center. |
| squamous cell carcinoma, what is it | originates as malignant tumor of scaly squamous cells of epithelium but can quickly spread to other systems |
| squamous cell carcinoma looks | begin as skin lesions that appear to be sores that will not heal or that have a crusted look |
| malignant melanoma, what is it | melanoma; type of skin cancer that occurs in melanocytes, most serious. |
| malignant melanoma looks | 1st signs are changes in size, shape, or color of mole. |
| malignant melanoma acronym | A-B-C-D-E: Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter larger than pencil eraser, Evolving by changing in size, shape, shade, or color |
| burn | injury to body tissues caused by heat, flame, electricity, sun, chemicals, or radiation. |
| severity of a burn | described according to percentage of total body skin surface affected. More than 15% is serious. |
| First-degree burn | superficial burn; no blisters, superficial damage to the epidermis |
| Second-degree burn | partial thickness burn; blisters, damage to epidermis, and dermis |
| Third-degree burn | full thickness burn; damage to epidermis, dermis, & subcutaneous layers, & possibly also muscle & bone below. |
| biopsy | removal of a small piece of living tissue for examination to confirm or establish a diagnosis |
| bi | pertaining to life |
| -opsy | view of |
| incisional biopsy | a piece, but not all, or the tumor or lesion is removed. |
| excisional biopsy | entire tumor or lesion & a margin of surrounding tissue are removed. |
| excision | complete removal of a lesion or organ |
| needle biopsy | hollow needle is used to remove a core of tissue for examination |
| exfoliative cytology | skin scraping; technique in which cells are scraped from the tissue & examined under microscope. |
| exfoliation | removal of dead epidermal cells, often through sanding or chemabrasion - sometimes done for cosmetic purposes |
| sunscreen | blocks out harmful UVB rays & is sometimes measured in strength of sun protection factor SPF. Some also protect against UVA rays |
| burn treatment | depends on degree & % of body surface involved. Hospital burn center for serious burns, including pain relief, debridement & dermoplasty, IV fluids & nutritional supplements, antibiotics, reconstruction & rehabilitation |
| dermoplasty | skin grafts |
| cauterization | destruction of tissue by buring |
| chemabrasion | chemical peel; use of chemicals to remove the outer layers of skin to treat acne scarring, fine wrinkling, & keratoses |
| cryosurgery | freezing; cell destruction or elimination of abnormal tissue cells, such as warts or tumors, through application of extreme cold or by using liquid nitrogen |
| curettage | removal of material from surface by scraping, 1 use is to remove basal cell tumors |
| debridement | removal of dirt, foreign objects, damaged tissue, & cellular debris from wound to prevent infection & to promote healing |
| irrigation & debridement | I&D procedure; pressurized fluid is used to clean out wound debris |
| dermabrasion | form of abrasion involving use of a revolving wire brush or sandpaper. Used to remove acne & chickenpox scars as well as for facial skin rejuvination. |
| microdermabrasion | removes only a fine layer of skin, so results are temporary |
| electrodesiccation | surgical technique in which tissue is destroyed using and electric spark. Primarily used to eliminate small superficial growths & to seal off BV's |
| incision | cut made w/ surgical instrument |
| incision and drainage | I&D; an incision of a lesion, such as an abscess, & draining of contents |
| Mohs surgery | technique used to treat various types of skin cancer. Individual layers of cancerous tissue are removed & examined under microscope 1 @ a time until margin that is clear of all cancerous tissue has been achieved. |
| laser | acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation; used to treat skin conditions & other disorders of body |
| laser details of substance/ wavelengths | a laser tube can be filled w/ a solid, liquid, or gas substance that is stimulated to emit light @ specific wavelength - some wavelengths capable of destroying all skin tissue, others target types of tissue |
| port-wine stain laser treatment | uses short pulses of laser light to remove the birthmark. Treatment can require many sessions b/c only small section treated at a time |
| rhinopyma laser treatment | treated by using laser to reshape the nose by vaporizing excess tissue |
| tattoo laser treatment | lasers target particular colors |
| photodynamic therapy | technique used to treat damaged & precancerous skin, as well as various types of cancer. Tumors on or near surface of skin, or in lining of internal organs like lungs/ esophagus |
| photosensitizing drug | administered topically or by injection. Incubation period followed by exposure to a specific wavelength of light, administered either externally or endoscopically |
| what happens when photosensitizers are activated | produce a form of oxygen that kills nearby cells. |
| retinoids | class of chemical compounds derived from vit A that are used in skin care & treatment b/c of their effect on epithelial cell growth |
| use of retinoids can make skin... | burn more easily |
| isotretinoin | Accutane; powerful retinoid taken in pill form for treatment of severe acne. |
| tretinoin | active ingredient in Retin-A & Renova, which are used to treat sun-damaged skin, acne, & wrinkles |
| topical steroids | hydrocortisone & other more potent variations are used in treatment of various skin disorders & diseases. Derivatives of natural corticosteriod hormones produced by adrenal glands |
| side effects of topical steriods | can include irreversible thinning of the skin |
| noncomedogenic | do not clog pores |
| many OTC face washes recommended for treating acne contain | salicylic acid or benzoyl peroxide |
| blepharoplasty | lid lift; surgical reduction of the upper & lower eyelids by removing sagging skin. Small amt of fat from patient's thighs/ buttocks is sometimes injected in the hollow below the eye to improve appearance |
| botox | formulation of botulinum toxin; small sterile doses injected into forehead muscles to temporarily block nerve signals for 3-4 mo's to block frown lines btw eyebrows |
| botulinum toxin | used in botox, same neurotoxin responsible for form of food poisoning known as botulism |
| therapeutical uses for botox | treat migranes, overactive bladder, strabismus, & muscle spasms |
| collagen replacement therapy | form of soft-tissue augmentation used to soften facial lines or scars or to make lips appear fuller. Tiny qty's of collagen injected under line or scar to boost skin's natural supply of collagen. Lasts 3-12 mo |
| dermatoplasty | skin graft; replacement of damaged skin w/ healthy tissue taken from donor site on the patient's body. |
| electrolysis | use of electric current to destroy hair follicles in order to produce the relatively permanent removal of undesired hair |
| lipectomy | surgical removal of fat from beneath skin to improve physical appearance. |
| liposuction | suction-assisted lipectomy; surgical removal of fat beneath the skin w/ aid of suction |
| rhytidectomy | facelift; surgical removal of excess skin & fat from face to eliminate wrinkles |
| rhytid | wrinkle |
| sclerotherapy | treatment of spider veins by injecting saline sclerosing solution into the vein. Solution irritates tissue causing veins to collapse & disappear. |
| spider veins | small, nonessential veins that can be seen through the skin, often on the legs. |
| BCC | basal cell carcinoma |
| caut | cauterization |
| Ecz, Ez | eczema |
| I&D | incision & drainage or irrigation & debridement |
| MM | malignant melanoma |
| NF | necrotizing fasciitis |
| PDT | photodynamic therapy |
| Ps | psoriasis |
| SCD | scleroderma |
| SCC | squamous cell carcinoma |
| SC, subq | subcutaneous |
| SLE | systemic lupus erythematosus |
Created by:
kld0519
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