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Chapter 14 high mid
Question | Answer |
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Crusades | (1096-1204)a series of wars carried out by European Christians to gain control of the Holly Land from their Muslim tulers |
Holy Land | region that included Jerusalem and the area around it, considered holy by Jews, Christians, and Muslims |
Pope Urban II | (c. 1042-1099)Roman Catholic pope from 1088 to 1099; he called on Christians to launch the First Crusade |
Saladin | Muslim sultan and hero; he campaigned to drive the Christians from the Holy Land. He stopped an army of crusaders under Richard the lion-hearted |
Richard the lion-hearted | king of England from 1189 to 1199; he fought in the Holy Land against Saladin during the Third Crusade. He eventually ceased fighting and returned to England |
Hanseatic League | an organization of north-German cities and towns that organized and controlled trade throughout northern European from the 1200s through the 1400s |
credit | an arrangement by which a purchaser borrows money from a bank or other lender and agrees to pay it back over time |
guilds | associations of people who worked an the same craft or trade during the French Revolution |
apprentice | a person who learns a skill under a master of the trade |
journeyman | a skilled worker who was paid wages by the master of a guild |
Gothic | A style of Church architecture developed during the 1100s characterized by tall spores and flying buttresses |
flying buttress | an arched stone support on the outside of buildings, which allows builders to construct higher walls |
illumination | The process of decorating a written manuscript with pictures of designs |
Hildegard of Bingen | Medieval nun and author; she wrote dozens of poems and music to accompany them |
trobadours | traveling singers who entertained people during the middle ages |
Geoffrey Chaucer | English poet; he wrote The Canterbury Tales,23 stories of pilgrims assembled at the Tabard Inn in South wark |
Dante Alighieri | Italian poet and humanist; he was the author of The Divine Comedy, one of the greatest literary classics |
Thomas Aquinas | Italian philosopher and theologian; he argued the rational thought could be used to support Roman Catholic belief |
Scholasticism | in the Middle Ages,the theological and philosophical school of thought that attemtped to reconcile faith and reason |
heresy | an opinion that goes against the teachings of a church |
Inquisitions | institution of the Roman Catholic Church that sought to eliminate heresy by seek ou and punishing heretics; especially active in Spain in 1400s and 1500 |
friars | Members of certain Roman Catholic religious orders; first prominent in the Eupope of the late Middle Ages; unlike monks,friars preach in town |
Hundred Years' War | war fought between France and England for control of the French throne |
Joan of Arc | French soldier and national heroin; she rallied the French troops during the Hundred Years' War and was burned at the stake for heresy |
Wars of the Roses | civil war for the English crown between the York(white rose) and Lancaster(red rose) families. |
Henry VII | King of England from 1509 to 1547 ; his desire to annul his marriage led to a conflict with the pope, England's break with the Roman Catholic, and its embrace of Protestantism. Henty established the Church of England in 1532 |
Black Death | a terrible outbreak of bubonic plague that swept through Europe, beginning in 1347 |