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Chap.14 - Crusades
Term / Definition
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Crusades | a series of wars carried out by European Christians to gain control of the Holy Land from the Muslim rulers. |
| Holy land | region that included Jerusalem and the area around it, considered holy by Jews, Christians and Muslims. |
| Pope Urban ll | Roman catholic pope from 1099 to 1099; he called on Christians to launch the 1st Crusade. |
| Saladin | Muslim sultan and hero; he campaigned to drive the Christians from the Holy Land . he stopped n army of crusaders under Richard the Lion-Hearted of England. |
| Richard the Lion-Hearted | king of England from 1189 to 1199: he fought in the Holy Land against Saladin during the 3rd crusade. he eventually ceased fighting and returned to England. |
| Hanseatic Leauge | a organization of north-German cities and towns that organized and controlled trade throughout northern Europe from the 1200's through the 1400's |
| credit | an arrangement by which a purchaser borrows money from a bank or other lender and agrees to pay it back over time. |
| guilds | association of people who worked at the same craft or trade during the Middle Ages. |
| apprentice | a person who learns a skill under a master of trade. |
| journeyman | a skilled worker who was paid wages by the master of guild. |
| gothic | a style of church architecture developed during the 1100's characterized by tall spires and flying buttresses. |
| flying buttress | an arched stone support on the outside of buildings, which allows builders to construct higher walls. |
| illumination | the process of decorating a written manuscript with pictures or designs. |
| Hildegard of Bingen | medieval nun and author; she wrote dozens of poems and music to accompany them. |
| troubadours | traveling singers who entertained people during the Middle Ages. |
| Geoffrey Chaucer | English poet; he wrote The Canterbury Tales, 23 stories of pilgrims assembled at the Tabard Inn in Southwark |
| Dante Alighieri | Italian poet and humanist; he was the author of The Divine Comedy, one of the greatest literary classics. |
| Thomas Aquinas | Italian philosopher and theologian; he argued that rational though could be used to support Roman catholic belief. |
| scholasticism | in the Middle Ages, the theological and philosophical school of thought that attempted to reconcile faith and reason. |
| heresy | an opinion that goes against the teachings of the church. |
| Inquistions | institution of the Roman Catholic Church that sought to eliminate heresy by seeking out and punishing heretics; especially active in Spain the later 1400's and 1500's |
| friars | members of certain Roman Catholic religious orders; first prominent in the Europe of the lat Middle Ages; unlike monks. friars preached in towns. |
| Hundred Years' War | war fought between France and England for Control of the French throne. |
| Joan of Arc | French soldier and national heroine; she rallied the French troops during the Hundred Years' War and was burned at the stake of heresy. |
| Wars of the Roses | civil war for the English crown between the York and Lancaster families. |
| Henry VII | king of England; he was the 1st king of the house of Tudor; his defeat of Richard III and his assumption of the throne marked the end of the wars of the Roses and marked the beginning of a new era in England's history. |
| Black Death | a terrible outbreak of bubonic plague that swept through Europe, beginning in 1347. |
Created by:
kaileepetty
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