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The Early Middle Age
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Charlemagne | King of the Franks from 768 to 814; he united much of France, Germany and northern Italy in one Frankish empire; crowned emperor of the Roman people in 800. |
| Papal States | territories in central Italy controlled by by the Pope from 756-1870 |
| counts | title of nobility; in Charlemagne's empire, chosen official who ruled pert of the empire i his name |
| navigation | the guidance of ships from place to place |
| sagas | long stories, written in the early 1200s, about great Icelandic heroes and events |
| Leif Eriksson | Norwegian explorer; he lead a group of vikings to North America and settled on the eastern shore of modern-day Canada |
| knights | in medieval Europe, nobles who were members of a lord's heavily armored cavalry |
| fief | a grant of land from a lord to a vassal |
| vassal | in medieval Europe, a person grated land from a lord in return for services |
| feudal system | a political and social system based on based on the granting of land in exchange for loyalty, military assistance, and other services. |
| fealty | the loyalty owed by a vassal to his feudal lord |
| manorial system | an economic system in the Middle Ages that was built around large estates called manors |
| serfs | peasants who were legally bound to their lord's land |
| Alfred the Great | King of Wessex from 871 to 899; he defeated Danish invaders and united Anglo-Saxon England under his control. He complied a code of laws and promoted leaning. |
| William the Conqueror | King of England from 1060 to 1087; he was a powerful French noble who conquered England and brought feudalism to Emgland |
| Domesday Book | the written record of English landowners and their property made by order of William the Conqueror in 1085-1086 |
| Eleanor of Aquitaine | Queen of France and England; she was one of the most powerful women in Europe during the Middle Ages. |
| Magna Capet | a charter agreed to by King John of England that granted nobles certain rights and restricted the kings power |
| Parliament | the governing body of England |
| Hugh Carpet | King of France from 987 to 996; elected by Frankish nobles to succeed King Louis V, he founded the Capetian dynasty, which ruled France for 300 years |
| Otto the Great | King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor; he defeated the Magyar army, which ended the Magyar raids in the mid-900s |
| Reconquista | the efforts of Christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain, occurring between the 1100s and 1492 |
| piety | devotion to one's religion |
| pontificate | papal term in office |
| Pope Gregory VII | Roman Catholic pope; his assertion of church power to appoint bishops led him into conflict with Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV, who claimed the powers for himself. Gregory excommunicated Henry, who relented. |
| Henry IV | King of Germany from 1056 to 1106 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1056 to 1106; he was excommunicated by Pope Gregory VII over bishop appointments; he acknowledged the pope's authority and was readmitted to the church |
Created by:
Lisyanacrawford
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