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Chapter 13 MiddleAge
Vocabulary
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Charlemagne | King of the Franks from 768 to 814, he united much of France, Germany, and northern Italy in one Frankish empire. Crowned emperor of the Roman people in 800 |
Papal States | a region in central Italy that was under the control of the pope |
Counts | bound by oath to obey Charlemagne, they helped rule parts of the empire in his name |
Navigation | planning the course across the sea |
Sagas | long Icelandic stories about great heroes and events |
Leif Eriksson | Norwegian explorer, he led a group of Vikings to North America and settled on the eastern shore of modern day Canada |
Knights | important soldiers, were highly skilled and fought on horseback |
Fief | land given to a knight for his service |
Vassal | anyone who accepted a fief |
Fedual System | a system of exchanging land for service, also called feudalism |
Fealty | loyalty |
Manorial System | a system that was closely related to the feudal system, it was built around large estates called manors |
Serfs | peasants that worked on the manor, they were legally tied to the manor at which they worked |
Alfred the Great | King of Wessex from 871 to 899, he defeated the Swedes and the Teutonic knights. As grand duke of Kiev, he was vassal of the Mongols, who controlled much of Russia at the time. |
William the Conqueror | King of England from 1060 to 1087, he was a powerful French noble who conquered England and brought feudalism to England. |
Domesday Book | a book that William used to create a central tax system for England |
Eleanor of Aquitaine | Queen of France and England, a skillful politician and diplomat, she reasserted Protestant supremacy in England |
Magna Carta | contained many provisions that restricted the kings power |
Parliament | the governing body that still makes England's laws today |
Hugh Capet | King of France from 987 to 996, elected by Frankish nobles to succeed King Louis V, he founded the Capetian dynasty which ruled France for 300 years. |
Otto the Great | King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor, he defeated the Magyar army, which ended the Magyar raids in the mid-900's |
Reconquista | christian state embarked on a series of campaigns to retake the Iberian Peninsula, also means reconquest |
Piety | a persons level of devotion to his or her religion |
Pontificate | papal term in office of Pope Gregory VII in the late 1000s |
Pope Gregory VII | Roman Catholic pope, his assertion of church power to appoint his bishops led him into conflict with Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV, who claimed the powers for himself. Gregory excommunicated Henry, who relented. |
Henry IV | King of Germany from 1056 to 1106 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1056 to 1106, he was excommunicated by Pope Gregory VII over bishop appointments, he acknowledge the popes authority and was readmitted in the church. |