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Chapter Ten
VOCAB and QUESTIONS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Absolute Bioavailability | the bioavailability of a drug product compared to the same drug in the form of a rapidly administered IV |
| absorption | the movement of a drug from the dosage formulation to the blood |
| active transport | the movement of drugs from one area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration: cellular energy is required |
| agonists | drugs that activate cell receptors to accelerate or slow normal cell function |
| antagonists | drugs that bind with receptors but do not activate them |
| bioavailabilty | the amount of the administered dose that reaches the general circulation and the rate at which it occurs |
| bioequivalency | the comparison of bioavailability between two forms |
| complexation | when two different molecules associate or attach to each other |
| disposition | a term sometimes used to refer to all of ADME processes together |
| duration of action | the time drug concentration is about minimum effective concentration MEC |
| elimination | the process of metabolism and excretion |
| enterohepatic cycling | the transfer of drugs and their metabolites from the liver to bile in the gall bladder, then into the intestine, and back into circulation |
| enzyme | a complex protein that catalyzes chemical reactions |
| enzyme induction | the increase of hepatic enzyme activity that results in the greater metabolism of drugs |
| enzyme inhibition | the decrease of hepatic enzyme activity that results in reduced metabolism of drugs |
| first-pass metabolism | the substantial degradation of an orally administered drug caused by enzyme metabolism in the liver before the drug reaches the systemic circulation |
| gastric emptying time | the time a drug will stay in the stomach before entering the small intestine |
| glomerular filtration | the blood philtering process of the nephron |
| hydrophilic | capable of absorbing water or associating with water |
| hydrophobic | water repelling: cannot associate with water |
| lipoidal | fat like substance |
| Metabolite | the substance resulting from a body's transformation of an administered drug |
| Minimum Effective Concentration (MEC) | the blood concentration needed for a drug to produce a response |
| Minimum Toxic Concentration (MTC) | the upper limit of the therapeutic window |
| nephron | the functional unit of the kidneys |
| onset of action | the time MEC is reached and the response occurs |
| passive diffusion | the movement of drugs from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| pharmaceutical alternative | drug products that contain the same active ingredient, but not necessarily in the same salt form, amount or dosage form. |
| pharmaceutical equivalent | drug products that contain identical amounts of the same active ingredients and same dosage form |
| protein binding | the attachment of a drug molecule to a plasma or tissue protein, effectively making the drug inactive, but also keeping it within the body |
| receptor | the cellular material located at the site of action that interacts with the drug |
| relative bioavailability | the bioavailability of a drug product compared to the same drug in any other dosage form than a rapidly administered IV solution |
| selective (action) | the characteristic of a drug that makes its action specific to certain receptors and the tissues they affect |
| site of action | the location where an administered drug produces an effect |
| therapeutic equivalent | pharmaceutical equivalents that produce the same effects |
| therapeutic window | a drug's blood concentration range between its minimum effective concentration and minimum toxic concentration |
| The place where a drug causes an effect to occur is called the .. | site of action |
| when a drug produces an effect, it is acting at a _________ level. | cellular |
| What can determine drug action? | number of receptors occupied, number of receptors present, and sensitivity of receptors |
| what is the process of blood concentration from administration to the site of action? | absorption, distribution, membrane permeability elimination, , ect. |
| Blood can be repeatedly sampled, making it.... | the best way to determine drug concentration |
| If the blood concentration- time profile reflects the amount of drug at the site of action, the maximum therapeutic response would occur.... | at the onset of action |
| what drug would not be typically monitored with peak and trough blood concentrations? | promethazine (anti-histamine) |
| a drug would be eliminated from the system within...... | five times the half life |
| unionized drugs are | passively diffused thorugh membranes |
| to transfer a drug out of dosage form and into the blood, it has to | absorb |
Created by:
awierman20
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