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`Chapter 9 Islam
Chapter 9 Islam
Question | Answer |
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Bedouins | a nomadic Arab of the desert. |
Muhammad | the prophet of Islam From a secular historical perspective he was a religious, political, and social reformer who founded Islam |
Hegira | Muhammad's departure from Mecca to Medina in AD 622, prompted by the opposition of the merchants of Mecca and marking the consolidation of the first Muslim community. |
Muslims | a follower of the religion of Islam. |
Qur’an | the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God. It is widely regarded as the finest work in classical Arabic literature. The Quran is divided into chapters, which are then divided into verses. |
Five Pillars of Islam | The five bases of the Islamic faith: shahada (confession of faith), salat (prayer), zakat (almsgiving), sawm (fasting, especially during the month of Ramadan), and hajj (the pilgrimage to Mecca). |
Mosque | a Muslim place of worship |
Jahid | a struggle or fight against the enemies of Islam. |
Abu Bakr | a senior companion and through his daughter Aisha the father_in_law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad |
Caliph | The chief Muslim civil and religious ruler, regarded as the successor of Muhammad. |
Umayyad | a member of a Muslim dynasty that ruled the Islamic world from AD 660 (or 661) to 750 and Moorish Spain from 756 to 1031. The dynasty claimed descent from Umayya, a distant relative of Muhammad. |
Sunnis | one of the two main branches of Islam, commonly described as orthodox, and differing from Shia in its understanding of the Sunna and in its acceptance of the first three caliphs. |
Shia | one of the two main branches of Islam, followed especially in Iran, that rejects the first three Sunni caliphs and regards Ali, the fourth caliph, as Muhammad's first true successor. |
Sufis | a Muslim ascetic and mystic. |
Abbasid | a member of the Abbasid dynasty. |
Harun al_Rashid | Harun al_Rashid was the fifth Abbasid Caliph. His birth date is debated, with various sources giving dates from 763 to 766. |
Islam | the religion of the Muslims, a monotheistic faith regarded as revealed through Muhammad as the Prophet of Allah. |
Caliphate | The rule or reign of a caliph or chief Muslim ruler. |