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U.S. Constitution
U.S. Constitution Peace
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| republicanism | is a political ideology in opposition to monarchy and tyranny. Republicans hold that a political system must be founded upon the rule of law, the rights of individuals, and the sovereignty of the people. |
| Limited Government | the principle that allows government to do only what the people allow it to do. |
| Natural Rights | Rights that people supposedly have under natural law. The Declaration of Independence of the United States lists life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness as natural rights. |
| Checks and Balances | branches of the Federal government control each other equally. None of them have more power than the other. |
| Apportionment | the distribution of seats in the House of Representatives according to a state's population relative to other states. |
| Separation of Powers | each branch of the Federal government has specific powers and responsibilities assigned to them by a guiding document such as a constitution. |
| Federalism | this is the sharing of governmental responsibilities at the local, state and federal levels. |
| Popular Sovereignty | it is government "for the people, by the people and of the people". |
| Civil Rights | the rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality. |
| Civil Liberties | individual rights protected by law from unjust governmental or other interference. |
| Expressed Powers | also known as the "enumerated powers," include the power to coin money, regulate foreign and interstate commerce, declare war, grant patents and copyrights and more. |
| Denied Powers | prohibiting the government from exercising certain powers by expressing what they cannot do. |
| Reserved Powers | represented by the 10th Amendment that are reserves remaining powers to the states |
| Writ of Habeas Corpus | A court order directing an official who has a person in custody to bring a prisoner to court and show cause for his or her detention. |
| Bill of Attainder | a legislative act that declares the guilt of an individual and assigns punishment without the privilege of a trial |
| Capitation | a direct tax on the people by the government |
| Interstate Trade | goods traded within the United States cannot be taxed by the states |
| Congress | was granted the power to regulate interstate trade |
| Federal Government | can tax goods traded within the states |
| Legislative body | A ________________ cannot assign guilt or a sentence upon an individual |
| Rebellion and Invasion | Writ of Habeas Corpus can only be enacted by Congress. |
| Implied Powers | are authoritative actions that aren't specifically granted to Congress in the Constitution but are considered necessary to fulfill governmental duties. |
| Preference of Ports | Congress must treat all ports within the United States equally |
| Withdrawals from the Treasury | money cannot be taken from the treasury without Congressional approval. |
| Titles of Nobility | these can not be issued nor granted within the United States. We ALL are equal |
| Montesquieu | this enlightenment thinker is directly responsible for the idea of Separation of Powers in government |
| Full Faith and Credit | all of the states are required to recognize the legal documents of the other states |
| Privileges and Immunities | you cannot be treated differently in a state just because you are from another state. |
| Extradition | the official process whereby one nation or state surrenders a suspected or convicted criminal to another nation or state |
| Member of the Senate | must be 30 years of age, resident of that state and a 9 year citizen of USA. Only two are granted per state. They are chosen/elected every 6 years. |
| Member of the House | must be 25 years of age, resident of that state and a 7 year citizen of the USA. the numbers of Representatives are based upon the number of people live in that state. They are chosen/elected every 2 years. |
| Trustee | a representative who acts in accordance with their own consciences rather than responding to public pressure. |
| President of the Senate | this position is held by the Vice President of the United States. He or she can only cast the tie breaking vote if a tie occurs in the Senate. |
| President of the United States | can serve two 4 year terms, must reside in the United States, 35 years of age or older and must be a natural born citizen (born here in the USA) |
| reapportionment | redistribution of seats in the House of Representatives based on changes in population. |
| Electoral College | body of people that officially selects the president. Each state has a certain number of electors. |
| 10th Amendment | Reserved Powers any powers that aren't already given to the federal government and not denied to the states are reserved to the states and people. |
| 9th Amendment | Implied Rights People may have other rights, even if they are not listed here in the U.S. Constitution |
| 8th Amendment | no excessive bail or cruel/unusual punishment can be inflicted |
| 7th Amendment | Civil Trials (Judge Judy) |
| 6th Amendment | Rights of the Accused (public trial, informed of charges, witnesses etc) |
| 5th Amendment | Rights of the Accused (due process and double jeopardy) & Eminent Domain |
| 4th Amendment | Search and Seizure (must have probable cause). |
| 3rd Amendment | No soldier are to live in private homes |
| 2nd Amendment | The right to bear arms |
| 1st Amendment | Free Speech Free Assembly Free Press Free Religion Allow to list grievances against government |
| ARTICLE I | Establishes the Legislative Branch (House of Representatives and the Senate). |
| ARTICLE II | Establishes the Executive Branch (headed by the President). |
| ARTICLE III | Establishes the Judicial Branch (a system of courts and judges). |
| ARTICLE IV | Establishes the relationship between the states and the federal government. Describes how to admit new states to the Union. |
| ARTICLE V | Describes how to amend the Constitution. |
| ARTICLE VI | Establishes the Constitution as the supreme law of the USA. Authorizes the national debt (Congress can borrow money). Public officials must take an oath to support the Constitution |
| ARTICLE VII | Lists the requirements for ratification of the Constitution |
| 13th Amendment | Abolished Slavery |
| 14th Amendment | Rights of citizenship to all people born in USA or naturalized |
| 15th Amendment | Gives the right to vote to all citizens, regardless of color or race, but women are not mentioned |
| 19th Amendment | Women's suffrage (voting rights) |
| 26th Amendment | Voting age lowered to 18 years old (same as the age at which men can be drafted into the army) |
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