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WH: MIDTERM EXAM
WH Midterm Exam 2014
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| IMPERIALISM | PRINCIPLE THAT A POWERFUL NATION CAN DOMINATE THE POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL AFFAIRS OF ANOTHER COUNTRY (I.E., EUROPEANS CONTROLING THE AMERICAN COLONIES) |
| MERCANTILISM | BELIEF THAT A COUNTRY'S GOVERNMENT SHOULD DO ALL IT CAN TO INCREASE WEALTH; COLONIES ARE USED FOR RAW MATERIALS AND TO PURCHASE FINISHED GOODS |
| HENRY VIII | ENGLISH KING WHO ESTABLISHED THE ANGLICAN CHURCH |
| GUTENBERG | RENAISSANCE INVENTOR RESPONSIBLE FOR THE PRINTING PRESS |
| PRINTING PRESS | INVENTION THAT SPREAD THE IDEAS OF THE RENAISSANCE |
| FLORENCE, ITALY | WHERE DID THE RENAISSANCE BEGIN? |
| MARTIN LUTHER | GERMAN PRIEST WHO WROTE THE 95 THESES |
| 95 THESES | DOCUMENT POSTED BY MARTIN LUTHER THAT CHALLENGED PRACTICES OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH, ESPECIALLY SELLING OF INDULGENCES |
| PURITANS | ENGLISH CALVINISTS WHO WANTED TO PURIFY THE PROTESTANT CHURCH OF CATHOLIC INFLUENCES |
| DA VINCI | MAJOR ITALIAN RENAISSANCE ARTIST |
| CALVIN | FOUNDER OF A PROTESTANT RELIGION THAT RELIED ON FAITH, THE BIBLE AND PREDESTINATION |
| SHAKESPEARE | English RENAISSANCE poet, playwright, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language |
| CZAR | RUSSIAN TITLE FOR RULER; FROM THE TERM "CAESAR" |
| DIVINE RIGHT OF KINGS | BELIEF OF EUROPEAN MONARCHS THAT GOD HAD CHOSEN THEM TO RULE |
| CHECKS AND BALANCES | POLITICAL SYSTEM USED TO INSURE NO ONE BRANCH OF GOVERNMENT BECOMES TOO POWERFUL |
| ABSOLUTISM | CENTRALIZED POWER HELD BY DIVINE RIGHT, WITH NO CHECKS AND BALANCES |
| ARMADA | SPANISH NAVY THAT WAS STRONGEST IN WORLD UNTIL DEFEATED BY THE ENGLISH |
| EDICT OF NANTES | HENRY IV ALLOWED FREEDOM OF RELIGION FOR HUGUENOTS THROUGH THIS DOCUMENT |
| LEGISLATIVE BRANCH | BRANCH OF GOVERNMENT THAT MAKES THE LAW (CONGRESS=HOUSE + SENATE) |
| EXECUTIVE BRANCH | BRANCH OF GOVERNMENT THAT ENFORCES THE LAW (PRESIDENT, VP, CABINET) |
| JUDICIAL BRANCH | BRANCH OF GOVERNMENT THAT INTERPRETS THE LAW (JUDICIAL REVIEW) |
| CHARLES I | ENGLISH KING WHO WAS BEHEADED DURING THE ENGLISH REVOLUTION |
| CABINET | DEPARTMENT HEADS WHO ARE ADVISORS TO THE PRESIDENT OR A MONARCH |
| ENLIGHTENMENT | HISTORIC PERIOD THAT EMPHASIZED SEEKING TRUTH THROUGH LOGIC, THAT HUMAN ACTIONS CAN DETERMINE THE FUTURE AND PRODUCED THE PHILOSOPHES (CRITICS OF SOCIETY) |
| DENIS DIDEROT | ENLIGHTENMENT PHILOSOPHER WHO EDITED AND PUBLISHED THE ENCYCLOPEDIA |
| ROUSSEAU | ENLIGHTENMENT PHILOSOPHER WHO BELIEVED IN THE REPUBLIC FORM OF GOVERNMENT |
| VOLTAIRE | ENLIGHTENMENT PHILOSOPHER WHO SAID, "I (MAY) DISAPPROVE OF WHAT YOU SAY, BUT I WILL DEFEND TO THE DEATH YOUR RIGHT TO SAY IT." (PROMOTED FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND FREEDOM OF RELIGION) |
| MONTESQUIEU | ENLIGHTENMENT PHILOSOPHER WHOSE IDEAS INCLUDED SEPARATION OF POWERS AND CHECKS AND BALANCES |
| HOBBES | ENLIGHTENMENT PHILOSOPHER WHO BELIEVED IN A SOCIAL CONTRACT THAT REQUIRES GIVING UP RIGHTS TO INSURE GROUP SAFETY; BELIEVED IN ABSOLUTE POWER OF MONARCHS |
| LOCKE | ENLIGHTENMENT PHILOSOPHER WHO BELIEVED IN A SOCIAL CONTRACT THAT DOES NOT LIMIT YOUR INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS (LIFE, LIBERTY, PROPERTY); BASIS OF THE DECLARATION |
| OLIVER CROMWELL | LEADER OF THE ROUNDHEADS DURING THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR; ESTABLISHED THE PROTECTORATE AND BECAME LORD PROTECTOR AFTER BEHEADING CHARLES I |
| AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT | A TIME PERIOD OF PHILOSOPHES, SECULARISM AND RATIONALISM |
| KING GEORGE III | ENGLISH KING AT THE TIME OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION |
| PLYMOUTH, MASS | SITE OF LANDING OF THE MAYFLOWER AND THE PILGRIMS |
| JAMESTOWN, VIRGINIA | FIRST PERMANENT ENGLISH SETTLEMENT IN NORTH AMERICA |
| FRENCH & INDIAN WAR | WAR BETWEEN FRANCE AND ENGLAND OVER NORTH AMERICAN TERRITORY; ENGLAND WON; LED TO AMERICAN REVOLUTION |
| STAMP ACT SUGAR ACT | TAXES PLACED ON AMERICAN COLONIES BY THE BRITISH TO PAY FOR THE FRENCH & INDIAN WAR |
| BOSTON TEA PARTY | PATRIOTS REVOLT THAT RESULTED IN THROWING TEA IN THE BOSTON HARBOR |
| LEXINGTON AND CONCORD | LOCATION OF THE BEGINIING OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION |
| BATTLE OF YORKTOWN | LOCATION OF CORNWALLIS' SURRENDER AND THE END OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION |
| ARTICLE OF CONFEDERATION | FIRST ATTEMPT AT A US CONSTITUTION; CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WAS TOO WEAK; WAS REPLACED BY THE US CONSTITUTION |
| SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS | GATHERING OF REPRESENTATIVES FROM COLONIES; WROTE AND SIGNED THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE |
| CONSTITUTION | PLAN OF GOVERNMENT |
| BENJAMIN FRANKLIN | FOUNDING FATHER WHO NEGOTIATED THE TREATY OF PARIS (1783) THAT SETTLED THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION |
| GEORGE WASHINGTON | COMMANDER OF THE PATRIOT FORCES DURING THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION AND FIRST PRESIDENT OF THE US |
| THOMAS JEFFERSON | FOUNDING FATHER WHO WROTE THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE |
| BASTILLE | FRENCH PRISON THAT WAS THE SCENE OF A REVOLUTIONARY PROTEST |
| ROBESPIERRRE | RADICAL JACOBIN LEADER WHO WAS RESPOSIBLE FOR THE REIGN OF TERROR |
| LOUIS XVI | FRENCH MONARCH DURING THE FRENCH REVOLUTION WHO WAS BEHEADED; HUSBAND TO MARIE ANTOINETTE |
| ANCIEN REGIME | TIME PERIOD BEFORE 1789 (THE FRENCH REVOLUTION) |
| REIGN OF TERROR | RADICAL TIME PERIOD OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (1793-1794); GUILLOTINE WAS USED TO SUPPRESS ALL OPPOSITION TO THE REVOLUTION |
| BOURGEOISIE | THE URBAN MIDDLE CLASS OF FRANCE (DOCTORS, LAWYERS, BUSINESSMEN) |
| COUP D'ETAT | "STROKE OF STATE"; OVERTHROW OF THE GOVERNMENT; USED BY NAPOLEON TO TAKE CONTROL OF FRANCE |
| WATERLOO | CITY OF NAPOLEON'S FINAL DEFEAT |
| CONCERT OF EUROPE | AN ALLIANCE OF EUROPEAN NATIONS TO MAINTAIN THE BALANCE OF POWER IN EUROPE |
| COTTAGE SYSTEM | "PUTTING OUT SYSTEM"; INDIVIDUALS CREATE PRODUCTS IN THEIR HOMES AND ARE PAID BY THE PIECE |
| CAPITALISM | ECONOMIC SYSTEM IN WHICH INDIVIDUALS OR BUSINESSES OWN THE FACTORS OF PRODUCTION |
| CORPORATION | LARGE SCALE BUSINESS THAT IS OWNED BY STOCKHOLDERS AND RUN BY A BOARD OF DIRECTORS |
| MONOPOLY | COMPLETE CONTROL OF A PRODUCT OR SERVICE BY ONE CORPORATION |
| FACTORS OF PRODUCTION | ELEMENTS NEEDED FOR PRODUCING GOODS AND SERVICES: CAPITAL, LABOR, RESOURCES, |
| ADAM SMITH | ENLIGHTENMENT PHILOSOPHER OF ECONOMICS WHO PROMOTED LAISSEZ FAIRE AND DEVELOPED IDEA OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND |
| LAISSEZ FAIRE ECONOMICS | ECONOMIC THEORY THAT BELIEVES GOVERNMENT SHOULD NOT INTERFERE IN BUSINESS (TO LET ALONE) |
| UNIONS | WORKER GROUPS WHO USE COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AND STRIKES TO ACHIEVE GOALS |
| STRIKE | WORK STOPPAGE USED BY LABOR UNIONS TO PROTEST |
| COLLECTIVE BARGAINING | WORKERS NEGOTIATE WITH OWNERS (MANAGEMENT)AS A GROUP FOR WAGE INCREASES AND IMPROVED WORKING CONDITIONS |
| ECONOMY | HOW PEOPLE. BUSINESSES AND GOVERNMENT MAKE MONEY (REVENUE) AND SPEND MONEY (EXPENDITURES) |
| TENNIS COURT OATH | THE THIRD ESTATE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THIS EVENT THAT MARKS THE BEGINNING OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION |
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