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renal
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| pyelonephritis | an infection of the kidneys and renal pelvis |
| acute pyelonephritis | abrupt onset with chills and fever, headache, low back pain and tenderness and costovertebral angle, general malaise with urinary frequency, urgency, and dysuria |
| chronic pyelonephritis | a progessive condition caused by severe hypertension leading to scarring and deformation of kidneys. leads to ESRD |
| saturation theory | kidney stones created by urine saturated with components |
| inhibition theory | kidney stones created by a deficiency of endogenous compounds that normally inhibit stone formation |
| matrix theory | kidney stones created by organic materials that acts as a nucleus for stone formation |
| calcium stones | the most common stone formed from increased calcium in the blood and urine |
| magnesium ammonium phosphate stones | stones formed in alkaline urine in the presence of bacteria; always associated with UTI's |
| uric acid stones | stones formed with increased concentration of uric acid |
| cystine stones | stones formed from a defect in the renal transport of cystine |
| renal colic | the pain from kidney stones |
| triad of renal cancer | hematuria, palpable mass, and costovertebral pain |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland; compresses urethra, retention of urine, and progressive distention of bladder |
| prostatitis | inflammation of the prostate gland |
| acute prostatitis | caused by ascending infection of the urinary tract |
| chronis prostatitis | caused by recurrent UTI's |
| nonbacterial prostatitis | inflammation of the prostate w/o infection |
| prostatodynia | symptoms of nonbacterial prostatitis but no inflammation of the prostate |
| Creatine | Product of creatine metabolism from muscle;its production is directly dependent on muscle mass. |
| Factors that decrease the serum creatinine concentrations | low muscle mass, diet without meat, |
| Factors that increase the serum creatinine concentrations | exercise, big muscle mass, diet with meat, drugs (cimetidine, trimethoprim) |
| Urinalysis | assessment of its chemical and physical compositon of urine |
| pH of urine normal range | 4.5-7.8 |
| Urine specific gravity | 1.003-1.030. Measure of the kidney's ability to make concentrated urine. |
| Urine Glucose | Normally absent. Threshhold for glucose reabsorption is 180 mg/dL. Glucosuria will be present when the threshhold is exceeded. |
| Nitrite, Leucocyte Esterase | Suggestive of urinary tract infection when found in urine |
| Heme | Present in urine suggests hemoglobulin or myoglobulin |
| Formed elements in urine | Erythrocytes and leucocytes, casts and crystals |
Created by:
rsg175
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