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Terms to know
German and Italian Unification and the Revolutions of Latin America
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Risorgimento | Italian unification, or the Risorgimento, meaning resurgence or revival), was the political and social movement that consolidated different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of the Kingdom of Italy in the 19th century. |
| Congress of Vienna | It was a conference of ambassadors of European states chaired by Austrian statesman Klemens von Metternich, and held in Vienna from November 1814 to June 1815, though the delegates had arrived and were already negotiating by late September 1814. |
| Conservative | holding to traditional attitudes and values and cautious about change or innovation, typically in relation to politics or religion. |
| Liberal | open to new behavior or opinions and willing to discard traditional values. |
| Revolutions of 1848 | Revolutions of 1848 definition. Liberal and nationalist ( see nationalism ) rebellions that broke out in 1848 in several European nations, including Germany, Austria, France, Italy, and Belgium. |
| Nationalism | an extreme form of this, especially marked by a feeling of superiority over other countries |
| Giuseppe Mazzini | Giuseppe Mazzini was an Italian politician, journalist and activist for the unification of Italy and spearheaded the Italian revolutionary movement. Giuseppe Mazzini - Wikipedia |
| Count Cavour | Camillo Paolo Filippo Giulio Benso, Count of Cavour, Isolabella and Leri (August 10, 1810 – June 6, 1861), generally known as Count Cavour (Italian: [kaˈvur]) was an Italian statesman and a leading figure in the movement toward Italian unification. |
| Giuseppe Garibaldi | Giuseppe Garibaldi - Italian patriot whose conquest of Sicily and Naples led to the formation of the Italian state (1807-1882) Garibaldi. |
| German Confedaracy | The German Confederation was an association of 39 German states in Central Europe, created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to coordinate the economies of separate German-speaking countries and to replace the former Holy Roman Empire. |
| German Empire | An empire in German-speaking central Europe, created by Bismarck in 1871 after the Franco-Prussian War by the union of twenty-five German states under the Hohenzollern king of Prussia. |
| Wilhelm 1 | King of Prussia (1861-1888) and Kaiser of Germany (1871-1888) whose reign was marked by war with Austria (1866), the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871), and the wide reforms introduced by Bismarck. |
| Otto Von Bismarck | Otto von Bismarck (German pronunciation: [ˈɔtoː fɔn ˈbɪsmark]), was a conservative Prussian statesman who dominated German and European affairs from the 1860s until 1890. |
| Franco-Prussian War( for Italy and Germany) | Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, conflict between France and Prussia that signaled the rise of German military power and imperialism. It was provoked by Otto von Bismarck as part of his plan to create a unified German Empire. Causes. |
| Realpolitik | a system of politics or principles based on practical rather than moral or ideological considerations. |
| Mercantilism | the economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances, which a government should encourage by means of protectionism. |
| Peninsulares | In the colonial caste system of Spanish America and Spanish Philippines, a peninsular was a Spanish-born Spaniard residing in the New World or the Spanish East Indies. The word peninsular makes reference to Peninsular Spain, on much of the Peninsula. |
| Criollos/Creoles | a person of mixed European and black descent, especially in the Caribbean. |
| Mestizos | (in Latin America) a man of mixed race, especially the offspring of a Spaniard and an American Indian. |
| Amerindians | another term for American Indian, used chiefly in anthropological and linguistic contexts. |
| Toussaint L'Ouverture | François-Dominique Toussaint Louverture 20 May 1743 – 7 April 1803), also known as Toussaint L'Ouverture or Toussaint Bréda, was the best-known leader of the Haitian Revolution. |
| Father Miguel Hidalgo | Miguel Hidalgo, Roman Catholic priest and revolutionary leader who is called the father of Mexican independence. Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla.Apr 20, 2015 |
| Simon Bolivar | Simon Bolivar - Venezuelan statesman who led the revolt of South American colonies against Spanish rule; founded Bolivia in 1825 (1783-1830) El Libertador, Bolivar. |
| Monroe Doctrine | a principle of US policy, originated by President James Monroe in 1823, that any intervention by external powers in the politics of the Americas is a potentially hostile act against the US. |
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