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Chapter 6 Rome
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Republic | A government in which elected officials govern the state |
| Patricians | The heads of a few aristocratic families |
| Plebians | The common people |
| Veto | Ban laws that seem harmful or unjust to the plebians |
| Forum | Central square on 12 large bronze tablets where laws where displayed |
| Constitution | A political stucture |
| Senate | A body of 300 members who advised elected officials, controlled public finances, and handled all foreign relations. |
| Consul | Two magistrates elected for one year that are chief executives and commanders of the army |
| Dictator | An holder with nearly unlimited power but could only be held for six months. |
| Gracchi | Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus and brother Gaius Sempronius Gracchus Roman statesmen ; they tried to help ex-solders in Rome by redistributing public land to small farmers. The Roman elite reacted violently to these actions and led mobs that killed them |
| Gaius Marius | Roman general and politician; he eliminated property restrictions for acceptance into the army and began to accept anyone who wished to join the roman army. He made armies into private forces that became devoted to their generals. |
| Lucius Cornelius Sulla | Roman General and politician; he became consul in 88 BC, led a civil war against Marius and his followers, emerged victorious, and became dictator |
| Julius Ceaser | Roman general and one of the greatest military leaders in history; he conquered most of gual and was named dictator for life in Rome. He was later murdered by a group o senators who opposed his enlarged powers. |
| Triumvirate | The rule of three men |
| Augustus | First emperor of Rome, he established the Second Triumvirate with Mark Anthony and Lepidus. He created the imperial system of administration, established new coinages, and encouraged trade. |
| Pax Romana | The Roman Peace. The time period from the beginning of Augustus's reign in 27 BC to the death of the last good emperor in 180 AD |
| villa | a country home |
| circuses | The place where chariot races took place |
| paterfamilias | The oldest living male in a family |
| augurs | A priest that interpreted signs sent from the gods |
| Galen | A prominent Greek physician, surgeon and philosopher in the Roman Empire. |
| Ptolemy | Alexandrian astronomer who proposed a geocentric system of astronomy that was undisputed until the late Renaissance |
| aqueducts | Man made channels used to bring water to cities |
| Latin | The language of Rome |
| civil law | A form of law based on a written code of laws. |
| Christianity | The religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, or its beliefs and practices. |
| Messiah | The promised deliverer of the Jewish nation prophesied in the Hebrew Bible. |
| Jesus of Nazareth | He central figure of the Christian religion, a savior believed to be both God incarnate and a human being. |
| Desiples | A personal follower of Jesus during his life, especially one of the twelve Apostles. |
| Apostles | Each of the twelve chief disciples of Jesus Christ. |
| Martyrs | A person who is killed because of their religious or other beliefs. |
| Paul | Ancient Christian preacher and teacher along with the Apostle Peter, one of the foremost leaders of the early Christian Church. Paul, originally called Saul, was at first an enemy and persecutor of the early Christians. |
| Eucharist | A Christian rite that is considered a sacrament in most churches. According to the New Testament, It was instituted by Jesus Christ during His Last Supper. |
| Bishop | A person appointed to oversee a group of priests or ministers and their congregations. In the Anglican Communion, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Roman Catholic Church, bishops are considered the successors of the Twelve Apostles. |
| Popes | The bishop of Rome as head of the Roman Catholic Church. |
| inflation | A general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money. |
| Diocletian | Roman Emperor who when faced with military problems decided in 286 to divide the Roman Empire between himself in the east and Maximian in the west; he initiated the last persecution of the Christians in 303 (245-313) Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletian. |
| Attila | A leader of the Hunnic Empire, a tribal confederation consisting of Huns, Ostrogoth, and Alans among others, on the territory of Central and Eastern Europe. |
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