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World History Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Adam Smith | Defended capitalism in The Wealth of Nations |
| Archduke Franz Ferdinand | His assassination ignited the great war |
| Boris Yeltsin | 1st elected president of Russia |
| Camillo di Cavor | Prime Minister of Sardinia; helped unify Italy |
| Cardinal Richelieu | Moved against the Huguenots and weakened the nobles |
| Catherine the Great | Russian ruler, gained access to Black Sea |
| Cecil Rhodes | Strong supporter of British imperialism in South Africa; controlled 90% of diamond industry |
| Charles Darwin | Published On the Origin of Species |
| Copernicus | First proposed the heliocentric theory and wrote The Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies |
| Czar Alexander I | Russian representative at C.O.V; part of the Holy Alliance |
| David Livingstone | Scottish missionary; went missing in Africa |
| David Ricardo | Economist; believed wages would drop as population increased |
| Dwight Eisenhower | Supreme commander of Allied Forces in Europe; led D-Day invasion |
| Florence Nightingale | Organized battlefield nursing during the Crimean war |
| Francis Bacon | Developed scientific method |
| Frederick the Great | Prussian; believed a ruler is like a father |
| Galileo | Proved heliocentric theory with telescope |
| Ho Chi Minh | Led nationalist movement in Vietnam (communist) |
| Isaac Newton | Breakthrough in theory of motion and gravitation |
| Ivan the Terrible | Organized a police force that murdered man |
| Jeremy Bentham | Utilitarianim |
| Jiang Jieshi | Leader of the nationalist forces in China's Civil War |
| John Locke | Natural rights; life, liberty, property |
| Karl Marx | Wrote Communist Manifesto; later inspired Lenin |
| Lech Walesa | Led fight against communism in Poland |
| Louis Pasteur | Bacteria causes disease |
| Louis XIV | France's most powerful ruler. "I am the state." |
| Maria Theresa | Hapsburg ruler of Austria; fought with Prussia |
| Marie Curie | Pioneer in the field of radioactivity |
| Metternich | Most influential leader at Congress of Vienna |
| Mikhail Gorbachev | Introduced policies of perestroika and glasnost in Soviet Union |
| Montesquieu | Separation of powers |
| Napoleon | Personal and high centralized military command; set uniform laws, stabilized the economy, public education system; exiled to island of Elba and St. Helena |
| Nicolai Ceausescu | Communist dictator of Romania |
| Peter the Great | Built St. Petersburg to make travel to west easier |
| Pol Pot | Led Khmer Rouge in Cambodia |
| Ram Mohun Roy | Tried to outlaw outdated traditional practices in India such as widow suicide |
| Rasputin | Mystical "healer" who influenced the Romanov family; did not arrange Lenin's return from exile |
| Rene Descartes | Wrote Discourse on Method. I think therefore I am. |
| Richard Nixon | First president to visit communist China |
| Slobodan Milsevic | Leader of Serbia after breakup of Yugoslavia |
| Thomas Hobbes | Strong government needed for control |
| Thomas Jefferson | Wrote American Declaration of Independence; influenced by Locke |
| Voltaire | Philosopher who mocked government and religion; wrote Candide |
| William and mary | Came to the throne as a result of the Glorious Revolution |
| William Wilberforce | Worked to abolish slavery in British Empire |
| Woodrow Wilson | Leader of USA during W.W.I; pushed for 14 points |
| Reunification of Germany | Fall of communism in Russia |
| China's civil war | Nationalists vs Communists |
| 4 Modernizations of China | Agriculture, defense, industry, science and technology |
| Third World countries | Developing nations |
| Strategic Defense Initiative | Known as "Star Wars"; Ronald Reagan |
| Non-aligned nations | India and China |
| Cultural Revolution | Purge China of western influence |
| Bay of Pigs | Failed attempt to overthrow Castro; led to Cuban missile crisis |
| Berlin Blockade | Started when the western nations reunified their three zones |
| NATO and Warsaw | North Atlantic Treaty Organization; defense alliance of western nations; Warsaw was Soviet's answer to it |
| Truman Doctrine | Purpose was to prevent spread of communism in Europe |
| Iron Curtain | Describes the division of Europe into communist and non-communist halves; coined by Churchill |
| Events that started WWII | Germany invaded Poland; September 1, 1939 |
| Battle of Midway | Turned the tide of war in the Pacific |
| D-Day | Code name Operation Overlord; June 6, 1944 |
| Nuremberg Trials | Trial of war criminals from Axis powers |
| Final Solution | Genocide of those considered inferior |
| Kamikaze pilots | Valued national honor more than individual life |
| Date of infamy | December 7, 1941 |
| Island hopping | Attack islands that were not well defended |
| A-bomb and Truman | Bring war to quickest possible end |
| US internment camps | Anyone of Japanese decent falsely labeled as enemies |
| Battle of Leningrad | More than 1 million residents died during the two year siege |
| 14th Point | Established the League of Nations |
| Battles on Western Front | Marne, Somme, Verdun |
| Spanish Civil War | Francisco Franco; leader of Spanish rebel troops |
| Fascist Party in Germany | Aided by fears of communism |
| Time Span between wars | Approximately 20 years |
| Role of Churchill in the 1930's | Warned of Hitler |
| Goals of the US isolationists | Avoid ties to war |
| Problems of the Weimar Republic after WWI | -German's turned against it because they signed the Treaty of Versailles |
| Reason Jews were targeted | They were used as scapegoats for all Germany's problems |
| Munich Conference | Held to address Germany's interest in Czech; came to symbolize dangers of appeasement |
| Great Depression | Soaring stock prices, uneven distribution of wealth, surplus of agricultural products |
| Stock Market Crash | Stocks sold for more than they worth |
| Wilson's 14 Points | Great Britain and France wanted to punish Germany and increase security; they showed little acceptance |
| Armistice | November 11, 1918 |
| Schlieffen Plan | Germany's plan to conquer France first, it was prevented by the First Battle of the Marne |
| Link between imperialism and militarism | As you gain colonies, military increased to protect colonies |
| Triple Alliance and Triple Entente | Bismarck feared France's army and Britain feared Germany's empire |
| Purpose of trench warfare | To protect soldiers from gunfire |
| Powder Keg of Europe | The Balkans |
| League of Nations | US stayed out |
| Bolsheviks | Signed truce with Germany, distributed land to peasants, factory control returned to workers |
| Lenin's Slogan | Peace, bread, land |
| Bloody Sunday | Led to a wave of strikes and violence across Russia in 1905 |
| 5 Year Plan | Stalin, rapid industrial growth, strong defense, modernize Soviet state |
| Pogroms | Organized violence towards Jews during reign of Alexander III |
| Treaty of Brest-Litovsk | Allowed Germany to focus efforts on the western front |
| Industrial Revolution | Began in England; due to the large emigration from rural areas, population grew faster than housing; caused widespread sickness |
| Factors of Production | Land, labor and capital |
| Factory Act of 1833 | Outlawed children under 9 working in textile industry |
| Suez Canal | Egypt could not pay foreign debts and lost control to Britain |
| Scientific Method | Observation, question, hypothesis, experimentation and conclusion |
| American colonists | Supported by Enlightened thinkers |
| Stamp Act | Caused American colonist to protest British manufactured goods |
| "Jewel of the Crown" | India |
| Crimean War | Russia wanted land on the Black Sea; Russia lost; Peace of Paris ended the war |
| Battle of Trafalgar | Napoleon is forced to give up plans to invade Britain; Nelson divided the French fleet |
| Battle of Waterloo | Napoleon's final defeat |
| Continental system | Napoleon's plan to block trade with Britain; Britain responds with it's own blockade |
| Reign of Terror | Imposed by the Committee of Public safety |
| Congress of Vienna | Established balance of power in Europe |
| Declaration of the Rights of Man | Stated the goals of the revolutionaries during the French Revolution |
| Slogan of French Revolution | Liberty, Equality and Fraternity |
| Bourgeoisie | Educated members of the third estate; embraced the ideals of the Enlightment |
| Petition of Right | Charles I promised not to levy taxes without consent of parliament |
| Estates | 1st clergy, 2nd nobility, 3rd everyone else |
| Universal Law of Gravitation | Every object in the universe attracts ever other object |
| Divine Right | Used to support absolute rule |
| Restoration | English monarchy was restored with Charles II |
| War of Spanish Succession | Louis XIV's grandson was made heir to Spanish throne |
| Thirty Years War | Resulted in increased power for France, weakening Spain and Austria |
| English Bill of Rights | Made clear the limits of royal power |
| Edict of Nantes | Brought an end to religious conflicts in France |
| Peter the Great | Built St. Petersburg; forced nobles to change dress, built navy |
| Appeasement | The making of concessions to an aggressor in order to avoid war |
| Armistice | An agreement to stop fighting |
| Assimilation | A policy in which a nation forces of encourages a subject people to adopt its institutions and customs |
| Axis Powers | In WWII, the nations of Germany, Italy and Japan, which had formed an alliance in 1936 |
| Baroque | Grand, ornate style that characterized European painting, music and architecture in the 1600s and early 1700s |
| Berlin Conference | A meeting at which representatives of European nations agreed upon rules for the European colonization of Africa |
| Blitzkrieg | Lightening war |
| Boyars | Landowning nobles of Russia |
| Boxer Rebellion | 1900 rebellion in China, aimed at ending foreign influence in the country |
| Communism | Economics system in which all means of production are owned by the people, private property does not exist and all goods and services are shared |
| Demilitarization | A reduction in a country's ability to wage war, achieved by disbanding its armed forces and prohibiting it from acquiring weapons |
| Detente | A policy of reducing Cold War tensions that was adopted by the United States during the presidency of Richard Nixon |
| Domino Theory | The idea that if a nation falls under Communist control, nearby nations will also fall under Communist control |
| Emigres | People who leave their native country for political reasons, like the nobles and others who fled France during the peasant uprisings of the French Revolution |
| Enlightment | 18th century European movement in which thinkers attempted to apply the principles of reason and the scientific method to all aspects of society |
| Entrepreneur | A person who organizes, manages and takes on the risks of a business |
| Estates General | An assembly of representatives from all three of the estates, or social classes in France |
| Existentialism | A philosophy based on the idea that people give meaning to their lives through their choices and actions |
| Fascism | A political movement that promotes an extreme form of nationalism, a denial of individual right and a dictorial one-party rule |
| Great Fear | A wave of senseless panic that spread through the French countryside after the storming of the Bastille in 1789 |
| Great Purge | A campaign of terror in the Soviet Union during the 1930s, in which Joseph Stalin sought to eliminate all Communist Party members and other citizens who threatened his power |
| Intendants | French government official appointed by the monarch to collect taxes and administer justice |
| Impressionism | A movement in 19th century painting, in which artists reacted against realism by seeking to convey their impressions of subjects or moments in time |
| Khmer Rouge | A group of Communist rebels who seized power in Cambodia in 1975 |
| Kristallnacht | Night of Broken Glass |
| Laissez-faire | The idea that government should not interfere with or regulate industries and businesses |
| Legitimacy | The hereditary right of a monarch to rule |
| Lycee | A government run public school in France |
| Martial Law | A temporary rule by military authorities over a civilian population, usual imposed in times of war or civil unrest |
| Mercantilism | An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more good that they bought |
| Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact | An agreement in which nations promise not to attach one another |
| Paternalism | A policy of treating subject people as if they were children, providing for their needs but not giving them rights |
| Perestroika | A restructuring of the Soviet economy to permit more local decision making, begun by Mikhail Gorbachev in 1985 |
| Plebiscite | A direct vote in which a country's people have the opportunity to approve or reject a proposal |
| Propaganda | Information or material spread to advance a cause or to damage an opponent's cause |
| Realism | 18th century movement in art and thought, which focused on emotion and nature rather than reason and society |
| Romanticism | An early 19th century movement in art and thought, which focused on emotion and nature rather than reason and society |
| Salon | A social gathering of intellectuals and artists, like those held in the homes of wealthy women in Paris and other European cities during the Enlightment |
| Self-Determination | The freedom of a people to decide under what form of government they wish to live |
| Skepticism | A philosophy based on the idea that nothing can be known for certain |
| Socialism | An economic system in which the factors of production are owned by the public and operated for the welfare of evil |
| Sphere of Influence | A foreign region in which a nation has control over trade and other economic activities |
| Third Reich | Third Germany Empire, established by Adolf Hitler in the 1930s |
| Utilitarianism | The theory proposed by Bentham in the late 1700s that government actions are useful only if they promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people |
Created by:
m.shell26
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