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Pharm Test
Pharmacology Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Antacids work by.... | neutralizing the acid in the stomach |
| Main elements in antacids include.... | magnesium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and aluminum hydroxide |
| magnesium hydroxide... | causes diarrhea relieving constipation |
| calcium carbonate... | can cause constipation and helps strengthen bones |
| aluminum hydroxide.... | can cause constipation |
| This antacid is referred to as a laxative: | milk of magnesia |
| This brand antacid is potent, fast acting, and helps strengthen bones: | Tums |
| Aluminum hydroxide is commonly mixed with.... | magnesium hydroxide |
| Describe H2 blockers: | reduce stomach acid by blocking histamines commonly used for severe heartburn and duodenal ulcers |
| Proton Pump Inhibitor definition: | limit stomach acid by shutting down the acid pumps by blocking an enzyme in the cells themselves |
| GERD stands for: | Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease |
| A common brand name PPI used to treat GI bleeds intravenously: | Protonix |
| A common generic name H2 blocker used in the hospital setting as well as an over-the-counter: | ranitidine |
| calcium carbonate | Tums |
| ranitidine | Zantac |
| omepraozole | Prilosec |
| pantoprazole | Protonix |
| sucralfate | Carafate |
| Antiemetics are: | medications that reduce the urge to vomit |
| A common brand name antiemetic used in the hospital setting for chemo induced nausea/vomiting: | Zofran |
| Describe Reglan: | classified as an antiemetic , works on the brain to relieve N & V generic name is metoclopramide comes in PO and IV |
| Seton drugs treat: | chemo induced nausea/vomiting |
| Taking insulin is.... | NOT a common treatment for Type 2 diabetes |
| rosglitazone | Avandia |
| metformin | Glucophage |
| glyburide | Micronase |
| glyburide/metformin | Glucovance |
| How is insulin most frequently administered? | Injected |
| Truths about insulin: | lowers blood glucose levels is used to treat Type 1 and 2 diabetes usually administered subcutaneously |
| A common short-acting insulin: | Novolin R |
| A common long-acting insulin: | Lantus |
| HYPOthyroidism is treated with: | synthetic forms of thyroid hormones |
| What is the brand name for levothyroxine? | Synthroid |
| This IUD contains copper and is non-hormonal: | ParaGard |
| This form of birth control is administered as an IM injection: | Depo-Provera |
| Birth control can be used for: | preventing pregnancy endometriosis menopause symptoms |
| This generic drug can ripen the cervix and treat ulcers: | misoprostol |
| A common brand name drug used to increase egg production: | Clomid |
| Cardiovascular drugs are used to improve: | the function of the heart and blood vessels treating angina and hypertension treating CHF and arrhythmias |
| True or False: Antihypertensives lower blood pressure by interrupting nerve impulses to the brain or causing blood vessels to tighten and narrow | False |
| lisinopril is classified as: | an ACE inhibitor |
| valsartan is classified as: | an ARB |
| ACE inhibitor stands for: | Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor |
| Which class of antihypertensives are prescribed when patients cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors? | ARBs |
| Which diuretic is commonly used in combination with andiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)? | hydrochlorothiazide |
| Which diuretic inhibits active exchange of sodium, chloride, and potassium in the cortical diluting segment of the ascending loop of Henle? | thiazide diuretics |
| Which diuretics can cause hypokalemia? | Loop and Thiazide Diuretics |
| Potassium-sparing diuretics are referred to as: | "weak diuretics" |
| A common brand name loop diuretic used in hospital settings: | Lasix |
| A common brand name beta blocker: | Coreg |
| Grapefruit and grapefruit juice is a listed drug-food interaction with which drug class? | Calcium channel blockers |
| lisinopril | Zestril |
| diltiazem | Cardizem |
| spironolactone | Aldactone |
| amlodipine | Norvasc |
| valsartan | Diovan |
| digoxin | Lanoxin |
| metoprolol | Lopressor |
| A common antiarrhythmic available IV and Oral: | amiodarone |
| metoprolol is also used to treat: | arrhythmia |
| What are the most common prescribed cholesterol-lowering drugs? | statins |
| A lowering triglyceride agent: | niacin |
| A common brand name statin: | Lipitor |
| Rhabdomyolysis "joint pain" is a common side effect to.... | the statin class |
| A common generic IV vasodilator used in the hospital settings: | hydralazine |
| The first vasodilator used to treat "heart pain": | nitroglycerin |
| Which antihypertensive class is used to treat Raynaud's Disease? | calcium channel blockers |
| Anti-infective drugs include: | antibiotics, antivirals, antiparasitics and antifungals |
| Antibiotics: | drugs that kill or injure bacteria |
| Antivirals: | treat viral infections |
| Antifungals: | treat fungal infections |
| Cytotoxic drugs: | kill or damage normal healthy cells |
| Corticosteroids: | a hormone naturally produced in the adrenal glands |
| Broad-spectrum antibiotics is defined as: | effective against many different kinds of bacteria |
| Penicillins: | a distinct class of anitbiotics commonly prescribed to treat a variety of infections and sometimes combined with other drugs to improve effectivenss |
| Cephalosporins: | broad-spectrum, similar to penicillin but used on strains of bacteria that have become resistant to penicillin |
| Lincosamides: | works similar to macrolides |
| Tetracyclines: | broad-spectrum with increase bacterial resistance |
| Quinolones: | broad-spectrum antibiotics that work on bacteria by disrupting bacterial DNA, and therefore replication |
| Antibiotics sometimes cause what in women? | yeast infections |
| A common generic penicillin prescribed to children with ear infections: | amoxicillin |
| A common brand name IV cephalosporin given to patients prior to certain scheduled procedures: | Ancef |
| How many generations of cephalosporins? | Five |
| A common brand name antibiotic to treat pulmonary infections and safe to use in penicillin allergic patients: | Augmentin |
| A common generic antibiotic used in the hospital setting to treat pneumonia intravenously: | cefepime |
| Which drug can be utilized to treat hospital acquired pneumonia intravenously in a true penicillin allergic patient despite recent FDA safety warnings? | levofloxacin (Levoquin) |
| Which drug can be referred to as a "drug of last resort" | vancomycin |
| Antiretrovirals are the entire class of: | antivirals to treat HIV |
| A common brand name antiviral used to treat or prophylaxis against influenza? | Tamiflu |
| Which drug is used for HIV exposure? | zidovudine |
| A common brand name antifungal agent that can be administered intravenously or in a pill formulation: | Diflucan |
| Truths about nystatin: | available in powder, cream, ointment and oral suspension treats "thrush" classified as a antifungal agent |
| Pencillin allergic patients have what percentage chance of having an allergic reaction when taking a cephalosporin? | 10% |
| Cytotoxics are often used in: | chemotherapy |
| What cytotoxic agent has other non-chemo indications such as rheumatoid arthritis, ectopic pregnancy: | methotrexate |
| The most commonly prescribed oral corticosteroid is: | prednisone |
| cephalexin | Keflex |
| azithromycin | Zithromax |
| ciprofloxacin | Cipro |
| vancomycin | Vancocin |
| oseltamivir | Tamiflu |
| clindamycin | Cleocin |
| clotrimazole | Lotrimin |
| dexamethasone | Decadron |
| What antibiotic is used if a patient becomes resistant to vancomycin? | linezoid (Zyvox) |
| Drug classification can be done: | a variety of ways, such as by chemical components, disease or disorder treated, side effects, drug action, or some combination of factors |
| Drugs can fit into: | multiple categories in a classification system |
| ASHP stands for: | American Society of Health-System Pharmacist |
| Health system facilities are required to maintain a formulary and retain a certain number of medications available for patients. True or False? | True |
| Which organization maintains the drug schedules for controlled substance in the US? | Drug Enforcement Administration |
| Ibuprofen is a: | non-narcotic analgesic drug |
| acetaminophen definition: | good in treating mild-moderate pain and a fever reducer |
| aspirin | Bayer |
| acetaminophen | Tylenol |
| ibuprofen | Motrin |
| naproxen | Aleve |
| indomethacin | Indocin |
| NSAID is an acronym for: | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
| NSAID classified as a COX-2 Inhibitor: | celecoxib (Celebrex) |
| COX-2 Inhibitors decrease pain with a.... | much lower risk of adverse GI events |
| narcotics definition: | derived from the opium poppy, and work on the brain to relieve pain tend to cause drowiness and a feeling a euphoria highly addictive |
| Most narcotic medications are not purely opioid; they're mixtures of opioids and other ingredients, designed to alleviate pain. True or False? | True |
| oxycodone and acetaminophen | Percocet |
| oxycodone | OxyContin |
| hydrocodone and acetaminophen | Vicodin |
| meperidine | Demerol |
| tramadol | Ultram |
| Describe general anesthesia: | is an analgesic, paralytic and anmesic |
| nitrous oxide (laughing gas) | is NOT a intravenous anesthesia drug |
| midazolam (Versed) | is NOT considered a straight anesthetic |
| A common injectable anticoagulant: | heparin |
| Brand name of a common anticoagulant: | Coumadin |
| Brand name of a common injectable anticoagulant: | Lovenox |
| Both heparin and enoxaparin can be prescribed to prevent and/or treat DVTs and PEs. True or False? | True |
| What anticoagulant requires monthly (sometimes weekly) lab draws? | warfarin (Coumadin) |
| Drugs classified as a NOAC: | dabigatran apixaban Xarelto |
| NOAC stands for: | Noval Oral Anticoagulants |
| Prophylaxis is defined as: | preventative treatment of disease |
| TPA is a thrombolytic that can be uesd in a stroke code if patient has no exclusion criteria. True or False? | True |
| Generic name for a common oral antiplatelet drug: | clopidogrel |
| Brand name for a common anticonvulsant that can be administered intravenously: | Dilantin |
| Fosamax isan antiosteroporosis hormone like drug (SERMS) that increases bone formation. True or False? | False |
| Diagnoses definition: | the act or process of identifying or determining the nature and cause of a disease or injury through evaluation of a patient history, examination, and review of laboratory data. |
| Treatment definition: | the active manner of treating a patient medically or surgically (DO NOT CONFUSE WITH "ACTIVE TREATMENT") |
| Empiric Treatment definition: | medical treatment that is given on the basis of the provider's observations and experience |
| Prophylactic Treatment definition: | a measure taken to maintain health and prevent the spread of disease |
| Active Treatment definition: | treatment directed immediately to the cure of the disease or injury |
| HEENT stands for: | head, eyes, ears, nose, throat |
| SOAP is an acronym for: | subjective data, objective data, assessment and plan |
| MAR stands for: | Medication Administration Record |
| Christiana Care utilizes the what when recording doses of medications? | EMAR, in powerchart |
| Active Inpatient Medication(s) include: | medications patients are prescribed during a hospital stay, which may include some home medications |
| Vital signs and lab results are examples of subjective data. True or False? | False |
| Benzodiazepines definition: | are a common antianxiety class, can lead to dependency and abuse treat general anxiety and panic disorders, phobias treat insomnia, muscle spasms, alcohol withdrawl, seizures |
| Benzodiazepines commonly given IV or PO for alcohol withdrawl in the hospital setting: | lorazepam and diazepam |
| An example of a non-benzodiazepine: | buspirone (BuSpar) |
| The brand name for alprazolam: | Xanax |
| Brand name muscle relaxant for cyclobenzaprine: | Flexeril |
| Antianxiety drugs are used for: | treatment of anxiety |
| Benzodiazepines are used for: | trteatment of anxiety that can lead to dependency and abuse |
| Non-benzodiazepines are used for: | treatment of anxiety, not prone to dependency/abuse |
| Antispasmodics are used to: | relax spastic or rigid muscles |
| Antidepressants are used for: | treatment of depression |
| Depression effects.... | more than 20 million people in the US |
| Antidepressants are usually not prescribed for: | short term blues |
| Tricyclic Antidepressants definition: | inhibiting certain neurotransmitters (norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin) from being reabsorbed in order to increase levels in the brain |
| SSRIs definition: | inhibit one specific neurotransmitter (serotonin) in order to increase levels in the brain |
| MAOIs definition: | prevents the breakdown of the specific neurotransmitter monoamine, increasing its store |
| SSRI stands for: | Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors |
| MAOIs have what type of side effects? | potentially lethal |
| Pamelor is what drug classification.... | tricyclic antidepressant |
| citalopram is what drug classification .... | SSRI |
| sertraline is what drug classification .... | SSRI |
| bupropion is what drug classification.... | tetracyclic compound and other |
| Cymbalta is what drug classification.... | SSRI |
| Prozac is what drug classification.... | SSRI |
| selegiline patch is what drug classification.... | MAOI |
| Brand name antidepressant that is commonly used to treat nerve pain: | Cymbalta |
| Truths about trazadone: | typically used as a sleeping agent brand name is Desyrel can cause priapism in males |
| Antipsychotic medications treat symptoms such as hallucinations, hyperactivity, and severe antisocial behavior. True or False? | True |
| First major antipsychotic drug: | chlorpromazine |
| A very potent antipsychotic drug: | haloperidol |
| Which antipsychotics require blood level monitoring? | lithium and clozapine |
| sedative/hypnotics definition: | depress the CNS and cause drowsiness or sleep |
| stimulants definition: | increase activity |
| tranquilizers definition: | calming effect |
| What generic drug name can be referred to as and "Anti-Alzheimer" drug? | donepezil |
| Sedatives/hypnotics are typically not abused and used for long periods of time. True or False? | False |
| Brand name sleeping agent commonly prescribed in the hospital as needed for insomnia: | Ambien |
| diphenhydramine | Benadryl |
| certirizine | Zyrtec |
| loratadine | Claritin |
| brompheniramine | Robitussin |
| fexofenadine | Allegra |
| Bronchodilators can be categorized as: | Beta-agonist, anticholinergics and theophylline |
| Bronchodilators are always administered to patients via inhalers and nebs. True or False? | False |
| albuterol is what drug classification: | shot-acting beta-agonists |
| Advair is what drug classification: | long-acting beta-agonist |
| ipratropium is what drug classification: | anticholinergic |
| Combivent is what drug classification: | anticholinergic + beta-agonists |
| Theophylline is a long-acting bronchodilator that can be administered via IV or taken in a pill form. True or False? | True |
| Which government agency determines the medications which can be sold over the counter in the US? | FDA |
| Which organization sets standards for the quality, purity, identity, and strength of medicines, food ingredients, and dietary supplements manufactured? | United States Pharmacopeial Convention (USP) |
| Which website has the US government's approved list prescription drugs? | fda.gov |
| References in Healthcare rely on evidence-based practice and information. True or False? | True |
| Guide to patient drug information can be found: | Medline Plus Lexicomp FDA consumer page |
| enteral means: | intestinal |
| drugs that are generally adminstered orally: | enteral route |
| has a local desired effect: | topical route |
| drugs that are generally administered via injection: | parenteral route |
| has a systemic effect and is often swallowed: | enteral route |
| has a systemic effect and is NOT swallowed: | parenteral route |
| Otic means eye and also called ocular. True or False? | False |
| carbamide peroxide definition: | softens ear wax |
| antibiotic definition: | prevent, inhibit, or attack the infection |
| The mucus membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and is continued over the forepart of the eyeball: | conjunctival |
| Describes occurring within, or introduced in to the vitreous body of the eye: | intravitreal |
| Which drug class reduces swelling and irritation (inflammation)? | corticosteroid |
| Visine reduces eye redness because it contains a.... | vasoconstrictor |
| Describe nitrous oxide: | laughing gas mild anesthetic drug can cause forgetfulness and relaxation |
| A tube inserted into the trachea to provide or maintain an airway and allow inhalational anesthesia is called a... | endotracheal tube |
| ophthalmic | inside the eye |
| otic | pertaining to the ear |
| vaginal | inserted into the vagina |
| inhalation | breathed in |
| Most drugs administered via the rectum have what type of effect? | systemic |
| Enteral medications are assimilated into the body through the.... | gastrointestinal system |
| Suppositories that treat constipation: | glycerin bisacody Dulcolax |
| Abbreviation XL stands for: | extended release |
| Buccal administration can be defined as: | drug is placed under the lip, just above the teeth |
| A brand name drug used to treat opioid dependence that is administered sublingually is: | Subutex |
| PICC definition: | peripherally inserted central catheter |
| TPN definition: | total parenteral nutrition |
| bolus definition: | single, large dose |
| A bolus is administered slowly over time. True or False? | False |
| Portals for the administration of intravenous drugs: | PICC peripheral IV line central venous line |
| Central IV line has the advantage of.... | injecting the drug directly into the heart |
| A PICC is inserted into a peripheral bein and then threaded to hte superior vena cava or right atrium. True or False? | True |
| Describe an intramuscular route of administration: | needle injection directly into a muscle |
| Describe an intravenous route of administration: | needle injection directly into a vein |
| half life | time the total amount of drug diminishes by one half |
| potency | drug's strength |
| efficacy | degree to which a drug can produce a certain effect |
| metabolism | how well the body breaks down the drug |
| elimination | how the drug is eliminated from the body |
| absorption | active ingredients of a drug preparation are dissolved and released into the blood stream |
| distribution | transportation of a drug to other body tissue |
| Pharmacology is the study of.... | source, nature, chemistry, preparation, uses, action and properties of drugs and their effects on living organisms |
| Pharmaceuticals (medical drugs) do.... | prevent diseases diagnose diseases treat diseases relieve pain |
| Medicines are derived from plants only. True or False? | False |
| FDA stands for: | Food and Drug Administration |
| The US FDA regulates: | prescription medications and over the counter medications |
| The term that specifies the chemical, molecular, or elemental make-up of the drug: | chemical name |
| What drug name is rarely used? | chemical name |
| Tolerance is defined as: | drug effect diminish over time |
| Resistance is defined as: | lack of beneficial response |
| Contraindication is defined as: | use of a drug is dangerous and ill advised |
| Pharmacokinetics describes what the drug does to the body. True or False? | False |
| The term which means a drug interaction where one drug enhances the effect of a second drug substantially is: | potentiation |
| The term which means combination of two similar drugs is equal to the sum of the effects of each is (1+1=2): | additive action |
| Drug Toxicity definition: | poisonous and potentially dangerous effects of drugs |
| Adverse Reactions definition: | harmful, unexpected reactions to a drug |
| Side Effect definition: | reactions to or the consequence of taking a particular drug |
| Anaphylactic Shock definition: | can cause death |
| Allergy definition: | hypersensitivity |
Created by:
wallace263
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