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Late Medieval Europe
nationalism, sol, middle ages, gillespie
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where is/was Normandy? | northern France/across the English Channel from England |
| Who was William the Conqueror? | Norman king who became king of England and ruled over most of England |
| Battle of Hastings | William the Conqueror's forces defeated the Saxon infantry (Harold) |
| Which king began common law in England? | Henry II |
| Which king sealed/signed the Magna Carta? | King John |
| Whose powers did the Magna Carta weaken? | Monarch |
| Which two countries fought in the Hundred Years' War? | England vs France |
| What were the results of the Magna Carta? | No taxation without representation – Right to a jury trial – Due process of law – Limited monarchy |
| What were the Crusades? | Christian attempt to reconquer Jerusalem |
| Holy Lands | Jerusalem |
| Pope Urban II | Pope who made the call for the first Crusade (Clermont, France) |
| What were motives to fight the Crusades? | promise of salvation, freedom from feudal ties, pursuit of wealth, adventure, fortune, fight for God |
| What was the result of the First Crusade? | Christians gained control of the Holy Lands (temporarily) and established the Crusader States; negatively led to hatred between the 3 monotheistic religions |
| Why was Jerusalem important to the three monotheistic religions? | Judaism: land Abraham received from God Christianity: resurrection of Jesus Islam: Muhammad rose to heaven |
| What were the results of the Crusades? | weakened pope and feudalism but strengthened the monarchs; stimulated trade from Middle East to Europe; bitterness between 3 monotheistic religions |
| What city was destroyed by the Fourth Crusade? | Constantinople--greatly weakened the Byzantine Empire |
| Saladin | Sunni Muslim who reconquered Jerusalem leading to further Crusades despite his promise of free passage |
| What role did monasteries serve in the Middle Ages? | monks were among the few literate and translated Greek, Roman and Arabic teachings, advancements in medicine and science, foundation for future schools and universities |
| Why was the Hundred Years' War fought? | debate over land and hereditary rights between English and French monarchs |
| Joan of Arc | heroine of the Hundred Years' War who turned the war in France's favor by ending the English siege at Orleans. She was later captured and burned at the stake. |
| Hugh Capet | French monarch who controlled the lands around Paris and established the French throne |
| Which monarchs married to strengthen Spain? | Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castille |
| What was the Spanish Inquisition? | Successful attempt by Ferdinand and Isabella to extend their control over Spain by expelling Jews and Muslims |
| Kiev | capital of Rus |
| Why was Kiev ideally located? | ideally located between Black Sea and Baltic Sea and near many river routes |
| Who were the Rus? | Slavic people who were influenced by Orthodox Christianity and Byzantine influences as well |
| Golden Horde/Mongol Yoke | Mongols destroyed Kiev and surrounding territories; allowed local princes to rule but collected tribute from them |
| Ivan the Great (III) | first tsar/czar who expelled the Mongols and extended Russian control |
| Tsar/Czar | Russian monarch |
| What was the Black Death? | Bubonic Plague |
| How many people died as a result of the Black Death? | approximately 25 million people |
| How was the Black Death spread? | along trade routes from the Black Sea to Europe; rats carried fleas infected with bacteria |
| How did the Black Death change Europe? | weakened feudalism; led to new medical practices and hygiene; cities, universities and monasteries were hit very hard (anywhere people were in the masses) |
| How did the Black Death lead to an end to feudalism | death led to a scarcity of labor, serfs then are able to demand increase wages and rights; decline in population made farming less important |
| How did the Hundred Years' War witness/lead to a new military outlook and the end of feudalism? | *Use of cannons make castles obsolete *Use of the longbow (British) which made knights and armor more obsolete *Increased use of professional armies allied with a monarch and not a lord |
Created by:
rgillespie
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