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Chapter 5 Greece
Vocabulary
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Polis | The society was centered around this, also known as a city state |
Acropolis | a high area where polis were built around, usually housed temples to the gods and served a place for public ceremonies |
Agora | public places below the acropolis, served as a market place, people did business, gossiped, discussed politics |
Helots | state slaves |
Hoplites | foot soldiers |
Hubris | great pride, brought many heroes to tragic ends |
Democracy | a form of government run by the people |
Tyrant | a strongman who seized power by force and claimed to rule for the good of the people |
Direct Democracy | all people vote directly on an issue |
Archon | elected official who served as the chief of state in Athens |
Phalanx | a tight rectangle formation in which soldiers held long spears out ahead of a wall of shields |
Reason | clear and ordered thinking |
Logic | the process of making inferences |
Lyric Poetry | named after a musical instrument called the lyre, they do not tell stories instead they deal with emotions and desires |
Hellenistic | greeklike |
Plato | greek philosopher, a student of Socrates, he started a school in Athens called the Academy. |
Socrates | greek philosopher of Athens, his teaching style was based on asking questions. He wanted people to question their own beliefs. He was arrested and condemned death for challenging authority |
Solon | athenian statesman, he introduced the first civil democracy in Greece and created the Boule |
Cleisthenes | ancient greek ruler often called the "father of democracy." He increased the size of the council that governed Athens to 500, and he reorganized Athenian tribes on a geographical rather than family basis |
Pericles | athenian statesman, he encouraged the spread of democracy in Athens and the growth of the city states power |
Homer | greek poet, he wrote the epic poems Iliad and the Odyssey, which tell stories set during and after the Trojan War |
Aristotle | greek philosopher and student of Plato, he taught that logic was the tool for any necessary inquiry, his work later became the basis for medieval scholasticism |
Herodotus | greek historian, his most major famous work is The Histories, which describes major events of the Persian War |
Thucydides | greek historian of Athens, he wrote The History of the Peloponnesian War. He is regarded as the first critical historian and is often ranked as the greatest historian of antiquity |
Alexander the Great | king of the Macedon and conqueror of much of Asian, he is considered one of the most greatest generals of all time |
Euclid | greek geometer, he created practical books on geometric forms and mathematics. His worked formed the basis for later European studies in geometry |
Erastosthenes | greek astronomer and geographer, he calculated the circumference of the globe using careful observations and simple geometry |
Archimedes | greek mathematician and inventor, he was known for his work in geometry, physics, and mechanics |