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Chapter 5: Greek
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Polis | City-State. |
| Acropolis | The area a Polis was built around. |
| Agora | Marketplace. |
| Helots | State slaves. |
| Hoplites | Foot soldiers. |
| Hubris | Great Pride. |
| Democracy | A form of government run by people. |
| Solon | Athenian statesman; he introduced the first civil democracy in Greece and created the Boule. |
| Tyrant | A strongman who seized power by force and claimed to rule for the good of the people. |
| Cleisthenes | Ancient Greek ruler often called the "father of democracy". He increased the size of the council that governed Athens to 500, and he reorganized Athenian tribes on a geographical rather than familial basis. |
| Direct Democracy | Type of system, in which all people vote directly on an issue. |
| Archon | Another elected official. |
| Phalanx | A tight rectangular formation in which soldiers held long spears out ahead of a wall of shields. |
| Pericles | Athenian statesman; he encouraged the spread of democracy in Athens and the growth of the city-state's power. |
| Socrates | A Greek philosopher of Athens; his teachings style was based on asking questions. He wanted people to question their own beliefs. He was arrested and condemned to death for challenging authority. |
| Plato | A Greek philosopher; a student of Socrates, he started a school in Athens called the Academy. In "The Republic" he describes an ideal society run by philosopher-kings. |
| Airstotle | A Greek philosopher and student of Plato; he taught that logic was the tool for any necessary inquiry; his work later became the basics for medieval scholasticism. |
| Reason | Clear and ordered thinking. |
| Logic | The process of making inferences. |
| Lyric poetry | Named after a musical instrument called the Lyre that was often played to accompany the reading of poems. |
| Homer | A Greek poet, he wrote the epic poems the "Iliad" and the "Odyssey", which tell stories set during and after the Trojan War. |
| Herodotus | A Greek historian; his most famous work is "The Historians", which described major events of the Persian Wars. |
| Thucydides | Greek historian of Athens; he wrote "The History of the Peloponnesian War". |
| Alexander the Great | King of Macedon and conqueror of much of Asia; he is considered one of the greatest generals of all time. |
| Hellenistic | Greek-like. |
| Euclid | Greek geometer; he created practical books on geometric forms and mathematics. His work formed the basics fro later European studies in geometry. |
| Eratosthenes | Greek astronomer and geographer; he calculated the circumference of the globe using careful observations and simple geometry. |
| Archimedes | Greek mathematician and inventor; he was known for his work in geometry, physics, and mechanics. |
Created by:
MaKayla Gierke
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