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Chapter 3 - Egypt
Term | Definition |
---|---|
obelisks | tall, thin pillars with pyramid-shaped tops |
smelt | to melt or fuse metal in order to separate the metallic components |
bureaucracy | a highly structured organization, often governmental, managed by officials |
delta | a triangular region formed at the mouth of a river by deposits of silt |
pharaoh | ruler of Egypt |
theocracy | a government ruled by religious leaders who claim God's authority |
papyrus | a paper-like material made by ancient Egyptians from the stem of the reedy papyrus plant, which grows in the Nile River delta |
Rosetta Stone | stone found in 1799 that bears an inscription in hieroglyphics, demotic script, and Greek; gave the first clue to deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphics |
cataracts | rocky stretches in a river marked by rapid currents or waterfalls |
mummification | the process of preserving the body with chemicals after death |
hierogyphics | a form of ancient writing in which picture symbols represent sounds |
Hatshepsut | Queen of ancient Egypt; she took the throne in place of her stepson, Thumose III; and during her reign, focused on temple-building, projects, and trade |
Menes | First pharaoh of Egypt; he is credited with uniting Upper and Lower Egypt and is said to have founded the city of Memphis, the capital of unified Egypt |
Ramses the Great | Pharaoh of Egypt; he led an army against Hittite invaders of Egypt. He ruled Egypt with extravagance and built more temples and monuments than any other Egyptian pharaoh. |
Piankhi | King of ancient Kush; he led the Kushities north into Egypt, conquering all of Egypt and making himself pharaoh. |