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Dzendzel Greece
Geography and People
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mediterranean | Climate around Greece , Italy, and Turkey of Warm dry summers and mild winters; Sea between Africa and Europe and Asia |
| Aegean Sea | Waterway between Greece and Asia Minor |
| Dardanelles | Waterway connecting the Aegean Sea and Black Sea |
| Crete | Large island in the southern Aegean Sea; home to the Minoans |
| Peloponnese | Large peninsula of southern Greece; home to Sparta |
| Asia Minor | Large peninsula connecting Asia to Greece; home to the Persians and Ionians |
| Athens | largest and strongest Greek city-state; birthplace of Democracy |
| Sparta | Largest city-state in land size and home of the fiercest Greek soldiers |
| Mycenae | Oldest Greek city, home of King Agamemnon and Mycenaean People |
| Knossos | Capital of of Crete and the Minoan civilizations; known for its palaces |
| Troy | City that defended the Dardanelles; Place of the Trojan War |
| Marathon | Battle of the end of the 1st Persian Invasion; Athens defended all of Greece from the Persians |
| Thermopylae | Small pass which the Persian army took in the 2nd Persian invasion, defended by 300 Spartans and Greek forces |
| Plataea | Final land battle where Greeks united together and Sparta and Athens worked together |
| Salamis | Sea battle where Athens defended its people and rid the 2nd Persian invasion of ships |
| Persian Empire | Political unit who were culturally tolerant of others, created a road system, and government bureaucracy with satraps |
| Homer | Ancient author who wrote the epic poems of The Illiad and The Odyssey |
| Achilles | Mythical hero who could not be harmed but by in one spot on his heel; fought and died in the Trojan War |
| Minoans | A first civilization of Greece on the island of Crete; known for terracotta pottery and bull jumping in their religion |
| Mycenaen | A first civilization of Greece on the Peloponnesian peninsula; war like culture with fortress cities |
| Sir Arthur Evans | Archeologist looking to prove myths true, looking for the Minotaur and found the palace of Knossos and the Minoans |
| Heinrich Schliemann | Archaeologist looking to prove the epic poem of The Illiad true; found the cities of Troy and Mycenae, Mask of Agamemnon |
| Dorians | Barbarian people who moved down the Balkan Peninsula and put Greece into a Dark Age and forced those living there to move to Ionia |
| Ionians | Greek speaking people who live on the coast of Asia Minor; revolted over Persian rule |
| Polis | Greek meaning city; each city-state was referred to as a polis |
| Monarchy | Rule of government by a king or queen |
| Oligarchy | Rule of government by a few people |
| Tyranny | Unlawful ruler of a government; usually thought of as a dictatorship |
| Democracy | Rule of government by the people; people of Athens had a direct democracy |
| Greek citizen | An of age male, usually land owning or of the upper class aristocracy who could participate in government; no women |
| Hoplite | Term for a Greek soldier who could create a phalanx and was named after the type of shield they possessed, a hoplon |
| Trireme | Ship built by Greeks which were propelled by rows of oars; Athens was particularly good at making them |
| Draco | Tyrant of Athens who created a strict law code |
| Pisistratus | Tyrant of Athens who took large parts of unused lands from the aristocracy and gave it to the poor |
| Solon | Tyrant of Athens who gave more and more people citizenship by lowering the land owning standards |
| Cleisthenes | Tyrant of Athens who created The Assembly of 400 which created laws in Athens |
| Lycurgus | Legendary leader and founder of Sparta creating the warrior society of citizens |
| Cyrus | The founder of the Persian Empire; known for tolerance of other cultures; started the Persian Wars |
| Darius I | Emperor or King of Persia who expanded the empire and created a road system, bureaucracy made of satraps, and increased trade; lost the 1st Persian invasion |
| Xerxes | King of Persia who thought he was the god of their religion, Zoroastrianism |
| Miltiades | Athenian general who won the Battle of Marathon against the Persians |
| Themistocles | Athenian leader who created the Delian League where city-states work together against Persia |
| Hellenic | Culture of the Ancient Greeks across the Aegean which includes city-states, Minoan, and Mycenaen |
| Hellenistic | Spread of Greek, Persia, Egyptian, and Indian culture |
| Alexander the Great | Macedonian leader who conquers the known world but dies at a young age |
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