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Chapter 3
Directional and Anatomical Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| abduction | movement away from the body |
| adduction | movement toward the body |
| anterior (anter/o) | toward or near the front, ventral |
| posterior (poster/o) | toward or near the back, dorsal |
| base | the lower or supporting part of any structure |
| apex | the pointed tip of a conical structure |
| deep | further into the body |
| superficial | near the surface of the body |
| medial (medi/o) | toward the midline, nearer to the middle |
| lateral (later/o) | away from the midline, toward the side |
| proximal (proxim/o) | nearer to the origin or point of attachment |
| distal (dist/o) | further from the origin or point of attachment |
| superior (super/o) | above or nearer to the head |
| inferior (infer/o) | beneath or nearer to the feet |
| supine | lying horizontally facing upward |
| prone | lying horizontally facing downward |
| ventral (ventr/o) | front, anterior |
| dorsal (dors/o) | back, posterior |
| bilateral | both sides |
| unilateral | one side |
| contralateral | the opposite side |
| ipsilateral | the same side |