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World History Sem. 1
This is the vocabulary for world history....Chapter 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mycenaeans | an Indo-European person who settled on the Greek mainland around 2000 B.C. |
| Trojan War | a war, fought around 1200 B.C., in which an army led by Mycenaean kings attacked the independent trading city of Troy in Anatolia |
| Dorians | a Greek-speaking people that, according to tradition, migrated into mainland Greece after the destruction of the Mycenaean civilization |
| Homer | the greatest storyteller who was blind |
| epics | a long narrative poem celebrating the deeds of legendary or traditional heroes |
| myths | a traditional story about gods, ancestors, or heroes, told to explain the natural world or the customs and beliefs of a society |
| polis | a Greek city-state--the fundamental political unit of ancient Greece after about 750 B.C. |
| acropolis | a fortified hilltop in an ancient Greek city |
| monarchy | a government in which power is in the hands of a single person |
| aristocracy | a government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility |
| oligarchy | a government in which power is in the hands of a few people--especially on in whivh rule is based upon wealth |
| tyrants | in ancient Greece, powerful individuals who gained control of a city-state's government by appealing to the poor for support |
| democracy | a government controlled by its citizens, either directly or through representatives |
| helots | in the society of ancient Sparta, peasants bound to the land |
| phalanx | a military formation of foot soldiers armed with spears and shields |
| Persian Wars | a series of wars in the fifth century B.C., in which Greek city-states battled the Persian empire |
| direct democracy | a government in which citizens rule directly rather than through representatives |
| classical art | the art of ancient Greece and Rome, in which harmony, order, and proportion were emphasized |
| tragedy | a serious form of drama dealing with the downfall of a heroic or noble character |
| comedy | a humorous form of drama that often includes slapstick and satire |
| Peloponnesian War | a war, lasting from 431 to 404 B.C., in which Athens and its allies were defeated by Sparta and its allies |
| philosophers | thinkers who use logic and reason to investigate the nature of the universe, human society, and morality |
| Socrates | Critic of the Sophists;encouraged Greeks to go farther and question themselves and their moral character |
| Plato | Student of Socrates; philosopher; founded school the Academy |
| Aristotle | Student of Plato; opened school the Lyceum; philosopher; invented method for arguing according to the rules of logic; taught Alexander |
| Macedonia | an ancient kingdom north of Greece, whose ruler Philip II conquered Greece in 338 B.C. |
| Philip II | father of Alexander; king of Macedonia; conquered Greece; wished to invade Persia |
| Alexander the Great | son of Philip II; successfully invaded Persia; reached Indus Valley |
| Darius III | Persian king |
| Hellenistic | relating to the civilization, language, art, science, and literature of the Greek world from the reign of Alexander the Great to the late second century B.C |
| Alexandria | named after Alexander the Great; foremost center of commerce and Hellenistic civilization; on Nile delta |
| Euclid | highly regarded mathematician who taught in Alexandria |
| Archimedes | gifted in both geometry and physics; inventor of many things and discoverer of mathematical laws and relationships |
| Colossus of Rhodes | an enormous Hellenistic statue that formerly stood near the harbor of Rhodes |
Created by:
Samanthas1583
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