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chapter 30

med-surg

TermMeaning
anemia a manifestation of a pathologic process characterized by a reduction below normal in the number of erythrocytes, quantity of hemoglobin, and/or the volume of packed red cells (hematocrit) in the blood
aplastic anemia a disease in which the patient has peripheral blood pancytopenia (decrease of all blood cells types) and hypocellular bone marrow
autologous in transplantation, denotes removal of the patients own tissue and the fiving back of the tissue to that person
disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) a serious bleeding disorder resulting from abnormally initiated and accelerated clotting
hemachromatosis an autosomal recessive disease characterized by increased intestinal iron absorption and, as a result, increased tissue iron depostition
hemolytic anemia an anemia caused by destruction of RBC's at a rate that ex ceeds production
hemophilia heraditary bleeding disorders caused by defective or deficient clotting factors; classic hemophilia A is a sexlinked recessive genetic disorder caused by deficient factor VIII; hemophilia B is a deficiency of factor IX
hepatomegaly an abnormal enlargement of the liver
induction therapy the initional, aggressive stage of cancer treatment htat attempts to destroy malignant cells and bring about a remission
iron-deficiency anemia anemia caused by inadequate iron for hemoglobin production
leukapharesis process by which blood is withdrawn from a vein, white blood cells are selectively removed, and the remaining blood is reinfused into the donor
leukemia general term used to describe a group of malignant disorders affecting the blood and blood-forming tissues of the bone marrow, lymph system, and spleen
lymphadenopathy enlargement of the lymph nodes or lymph vessels
lymphoblasts large immature cells that normally develop into lymphocytes
lymphocytic leukemia defect in proliferation and maturation of lymphocytes
megaloblastic anemias group of disorders caused by impaired DNA synthesis and characterized by the presence of large red blood cells
multiple myeloma condition in which neoplastic plasma cells infiltrate the bone marrow and destroy bone
myeloblasts large, immature cells that normally develop into gradulocytes
myelodysplastic syndrome a group of related hematologic disorders characterized by a change in the quantity and quality of bone marrow elements
myelogenous leukema a defect in proliferation and maturation of granulocytes
non-Hodgkin's lymphoma a heterogeneous group of malignant neoplasms involving lymphoid tissue
pernicious anemia type of megaloblastic anemia resulting from inadequate gastric secretion of intrinsic factor necessary for absorption of cobalamin (vitamin B12)
Philadelphia chromosome translocation of the long arm of chromosome 9 found in the abnormal myeloblasts, erythroblasts, and megakaryoblasts of 90% if oatuebts of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia
polycythemia production and presence of increased numbers of red blood cells
sickle cell crisis an exacerbation of sickle cell anemia when sickle cell hemoglobin assumes various crescent or sickle shapes, occluding small blood vessels
sickle cell disease group of inherited, autosomal recessive disorders characterized by the presence of an abnormal form of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte
sickle cell hemoglobin abnormal hemoglobin that caused development of deformed crescent-shaped red blood cells when oxygen tension is lowered
sickle cell trait heterozygous state in which an individual has only one sickle cell gene paired with a normal homoglobin gene
splenomegaly abnormal enlargement of the spleen
thalassemia an autosomal recessive genetic disorde of inadequate production of normal hemoglobin
thrombocytopenia a reduction of the platelet count below the normal range of 150,000 to 400,000/ul
Created by: crystalih
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