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chapter 30
med-surg
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| anemia | a manifestation of a pathologic process characterized by a reduction below normal in the number of erythrocytes, quantity of hemoglobin, and/or the volume of packed red cells (hematocrit) in the blood |
| aplastic anemia | a disease in which the patient has peripheral blood pancytopenia (decrease of all blood cells types) and hypocellular bone marrow |
| autologous | in transplantation, denotes removal of the patients own tissue and the fiving back of the tissue to that person |
| disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) | a serious bleeding disorder resulting from abnormally initiated and accelerated clotting |
| hemachromatosis | an autosomal recessive disease characterized by increased intestinal iron absorption and, as a result, increased tissue iron depostition |
| hemolytic anemia | an anemia caused by destruction of RBC's at a rate that ex ceeds production |
| hemophilia | heraditary bleeding disorders caused by defective or deficient clotting factors; classic hemophilia A is a sexlinked recessive genetic disorder caused by deficient factor VIII; hemophilia B is a deficiency of factor IX |
| hepatomegaly | an abnormal enlargement of the liver |
| induction therapy | the initional, aggressive stage of cancer treatment htat attempts to destroy malignant cells and bring about a remission |
| iron-deficiency anemia | anemia caused by inadequate iron for hemoglobin production |
| leukapharesis | process by which blood is withdrawn from a vein, white blood cells are selectively removed, and the remaining blood is reinfused into the donor |
| leukemia | general term used to describe a group of malignant disorders affecting the blood and blood-forming tissues of the bone marrow, lymph system, and spleen |
| lymphadenopathy | enlargement of the lymph nodes or lymph vessels |
| lymphoblasts | large immature cells that normally develop into lymphocytes |
| lymphocytic leukemia | defect in proliferation and maturation of lymphocytes |
| megaloblastic anemias | group of disorders caused by impaired DNA synthesis and characterized by the presence of large red blood cells |
| multiple myeloma | condition in which neoplastic plasma cells infiltrate the bone marrow and destroy bone |
| myeloblasts | large, immature cells that normally develop into gradulocytes |
| myelodysplastic syndrome | a group of related hematologic disorders characterized by a change in the quantity and quality of bone marrow elements |
| myelogenous leukema | a defect in proliferation and maturation of granulocytes |
| non-Hodgkin's lymphoma | a heterogeneous group of malignant neoplasms involving lymphoid tissue |
| pernicious anemia | type of megaloblastic anemia resulting from inadequate gastric secretion of intrinsic factor necessary for absorption of cobalamin (vitamin B12) |
| Philadelphia chromosome | translocation of the long arm of chromosome 9 found in the abnormal myeloblasts, erythroblasts, and megakaryoblasts of 90% if oatuebts of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia |
| polycythemia | production and presence of increased numbers of red blood cells |
| sickle cell crisis | an exacerbation of sickle cell anemia when sickle cell hemoglobin assumes various crescent or sickle shapes, occluding small blood vessels |
| sickle cell disease | group of inherited, autosomal recessive disorders characterized by the presence of an abnormal form of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte |
| sickle cell hemoglobin | abnormal hemoglobin that caused development of deformed crescent-shaped red blood cells when oxygen tension is lowered |
| sickle cell trait | heterozygous state in which an individual has only one sickle cell gene paired with a normal homoglobin gene |
| splenomegaly | abnormal enlargement of the spleen |
| thalassemia | an autosomal recessive genetic disorde of inadequate production of normal hemoglobin |
| thrombocytopenia | a reduction of the platelet count below the normal range of 150,000 to 400,000/ul |
Created by:
crystalih
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