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Foundations of Gov
Foundations of Government Review from Powerpoint
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Government | The formal institutions through which a society makes and enforces its public policies |
| Power, Authority and Legitimacy | These are the characteristics of government |
| Formal Institutions | Legislative Power, Executive Power and Judicial Power |
| Public Policies | All of the many goals that a government pursues in all of the many areas of human affairs in which it is involved. |
| Constitution | Body of fundamental laws setting the principles, structures and processes of government. |
| Dictatorship | Government where leader has absolute power |
| Democracy | Government where people have the power |
| Politics | the interactions between people and their government |
| Characteristics of Politics | Votes, Negotiation, Protest, Coalition Building, Compromise and Lobbying |
| State | a body of people, living in a defined territory, organized politically, with the power to make and enforce law without consent of a higher power. |
| Characteristics of a State | Must have people, territory, government and sovereignty |
| united | made into or caused to act as a single entity |
| Characteristics of United | Bond, commonality, and previously separate |
| United States qualities | common defense, common currency and common good |
| Political Spectrum | a continuum used for measuring political ideologies in regard to the extent in which a government prefers liberty vs. equality. |
| Political Compass | a matrix used for measuring political ideologies in regard to the extent of which government controls economic and personal issues. |
| Political Culture | a set of general attitudes, ideas and beliefs that show us the political trends of a community |
| Political Ideology | a set of specific attitudes, ideas and beliefs for a specific person. |
| Force Theory | one person or small group rules |
| Evolutionary Theory | over time, as humans, we find a way to govern ourselves. |
| Divine Right Theory | we rule by the "grace of God" |
| Social Contract Theory | an agreement to be ruled by those who are being ruled. |
| Direct democracy | "pure democracy" where as everyone is involved in the democratic process |
| Indirect democracy | elected officials represent us to the best of their ability. |
| Autocracy | single person rule |
| Oligarchy | rule by a self appointed elite |
| Unitary government | "Centralized government" that all powers are controlled by a single central agency |
| Federal government | "Powers are divided" between local and Federal government |
| Confederation Government | The Central government only has powers that have been assigned to it by the states within it. |
| Presidential government | Executive and legislative branches of government are independent of one another and coequal. |
| Parliamentary government | the executive is called the "Premier or Prime Minister". They are members of the legislative branch of which is called "Parliament". |
| Confederation government | the Central government only has powers that has been assigned to it by the states within it. |
| Socialism | a political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole. |
| Statism | a political system in which the state has substantial centralized control over social and economic affairs. |
| Liberalism | the holding of liberal views |
| Conservatism | commitment to traditional values and ideas with opposition to change or innovation. |
| Fascism | an authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization. |
| Centrism | the center is a political outlook or specific position that involves acceptance or support of a balance of a degree of social equality and a degree of social hierarchy |
| Communism | a political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs. |
| Monarchy | a form of government with a King or Queen at the head. |
| Republic | a state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch. |
| Anarchy | a state of disorder due to absence or nonrecognition of authority. |
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PeaceIDABaker
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