Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Crystals 5th stack
Language of Medicine...Chapter 5...7th ed.
| term | definition |
|---|---|
| absorption | Passage of materials through the walls of the intestine into the bloodstream. |
| amino acids | Building blocks of proteins and produced when proteins are digested. |
| amylase | Enzyme secreted by the pancreas to digest starch. |
| anus | Opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body. |
| appendix | Blind pouch hanging from the cecum. |
| bile | Digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It breaks up large fat globules. |
| bilirubin | Pigment released by the liver in bile. |
| bowel | Intestine. |
| canine teeth | Pointed, dog-like teeth, next to the incisors. |
| cuspid teeth | Another name for canine teeth. |
| eyeteeth | Another name for canine teeth. |
| cecum | First part of the large intestine. |
| colon | Large intestine (cecum, ascending, transverse, and descending colon, and rectum). |
| common bile duct | Carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum. |
| defecation | Expulsion or passage of feces from the body through the anus. |
| deglutition | Swallowing. |
| dentin | Major tissue composing teeth, covered by the enamel in the crown and a protective layer of cementum in the root. |
| digestion | Breakdown of complex food into simpler forms. |
| duodenum | First part of the small intestine. (duo=2, den=10; the duodenum measures 12 inches long) |
| elimination | Removal of waste material from the body. |
| emulsification | Physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules, thus increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat. |
| enamel | Hard, outermost layer of teeth. |
| enzyme | A chemical that speeds up the reaction between substances. Digestive enzymes help in the breakdown of complex foods to simpler foods. |
| esophagus | Tube connecting the throat to the stomach. |
| fatty acids | Substances produced when fats are digested. |
| feces | Solid wastes; stools |
| gallbladder | Small sac under the liver; stores bile |
| glucose | Simple sugar. |
| glycogen | Starch; glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells. |
| hydrochloric acid | Substance produced by the stomach; necessary for digestion of food. |
| ileum | Third part of the small intestine. |
| incisor | One of four front teeth in the dental arch. |
| insulin | Hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas. It transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver. |
| jejunum | Second part of the small intestine. |
| lipase | Pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats. |
| liver | A large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen. The liver secretes bile, stores sugar, iron and vitamins; produces blood proteins; and destroys worn-out red blood cells. |
| lower esophageal sphincter (LES) | Ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach. |
| cardiac sphincter | Another name for the lower esophageal sphincter. |
| mastication | Chewing. |
| molar teeth | Sixth, seventh, and eighth teeth from the middle on either side of the dental arch. |
| premolar teeth | Fourth and fifth teeth, before the molars. |
| palate | Roof of the mouth. |
| pancreas | Organ under the stomach; produces insulin and enzymes. |
| papillae | Small elevations on the tongue. A papilla is a nipple-like elevation. (papillae=plural, papilla=singular) |
| parotid gland | Salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear. |
| peristalsis | Rhythm-like contractions in the tubes of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and other tubular structures. Peristalsis moves the contents through the GI tract at different rates. |
| pharynx | Throat; the common passageway for food and air from the nose. |
| portal vein | Large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines. |
| protease | Enzymes that digest protein. |
| pulp | Soft tissue within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels. |
| pyloric sphincter | Ring of muscle fibers at the distal region of the stomach, where it joins the duodenum. |
| rectum | Last section of the colon. |
| rugae | Ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach. |
| saliva | Digestive juice produced by salivary glands. |
| salivary glands | Parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands. |
| sigmoid colon | Lower part of the colon; shaped like an S. |
| sphincter | Ring of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening. |
| stomach | Muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus. The stomach's parts are the fundus, body, and antrum. |
| triglycerides | Large fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acid and one part glycerol. |
| uvula | Soft tissue hanging from the soft palate into the mouth. |
| villi | Microscopic projections in the walls of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream. (villi=plural, villus=singular) |
| an/o | anus |
| append/o | appendix |
| appendic/o | appendix |
| bucc/o | cheek |
| cec/o | cecum |
| celi/o | belly, abdomen |
| cheil/o | lip |
| cholecyst/o | gallbladder |
| choledoch/o | common bile duct |
| col/o | colon, large intestine |
| colon/o | colon |
| dent/i | tooth |
| duoden/o | duodenum |
| enter/o | intestines, usually small intestine |
| esophag/o | esophagus |
| faci/o | face |
| gastr/o | stomach |
| gingiv/o | gums |
| gloss/o | tongue |
| hepat/o | liver |
| ile/o | ileum |
| jejun/o | jejunjum |
| labi/o | lip |
| lapar/o | abdomen |
| lingu/o | tongue |
| mandibul/o | lower jaw; mandible |
| odont/o | tooth |
| or/o | mouth |
| palat/o | palate |
| pancreat/o | pancreas |
| peritone/o | peritoneum |
| pharyng/o | throat |
| proct/o | anus and rectum |
| pylor/o | pyloric sphincter |
| rect/o | rectum |
| sialaden/o | salivary gland |
| sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon |
| stomat/o | mouth |
| amyl/o | starch |
| bil/i | gall, bile |
| bilirubin/o | bilirubin (bile pigment) |
| chol/e | gall, bile |
| chlorhydr/o | hydrochloric acid |
| gluc/o | sugar |
| glyc/o | sugar |
| glycogen/o | glycogen, animal starch |
| lip/o | fat, lipid |
| lith/o | stone |
| prote/o | protein |
| sial/o | saliva, salivary |
| steat/o | fat |
| -ase | enzyme |
| -chezia | defecation, elimination of wastes |
| -iasis | abnormal condition |
| -prandial | meal |
| anorexia | Lack of appetite. |
| -orexia | appetite |
| ascites | Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen. |
| borborygmus | Rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the GI tract. |
| constipation | Difficulty in passing stools (feces). |
| diarrhea | Frequent passage of loose, watery stools. |
| dysphagia | Difficulty in swallowing. |
| eructation | Gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth. |
| flatus | Gas expelled through the anus. |
| odynophagia | Painful swallowing. |
| flatulence | The presence of excessive gas in both the stomach and intestines. |
| belching | The characteristic sound produced by eructation. |
| hematochezia | Passage of bright, fresh, red blood from the rectum. |
| jaundice | Yellow-orange coloration of the skin and other tissues caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood. |
| hyperbilirubinemia | The presence of high bilirubin levels in the blood. |
| melena | Black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood. |
| nausea | Unpleasant sensation in the stomach and a tendency to vomit. |
| steatorrhea | Fat in the feces; frothy, foul-smelling, fecal matter. |
| aphthous stomatitis | Inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers. Commonly called canker sores. |
| dental caries | Tooth decay. |
| caries | decay |
| herpetic stomatitis | Inflammation of the mouth by infection with the herpesvirus. |
| oral leukoplakia | White plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth. |
| peridontal disease | Inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone. |
| pyorrhea | Another name for peridontal disease. |
| achalasia | Failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax. |
| esophageal varices | Swollen, varicose veins in the distal portion of the esophagus or upper part of the stomach. |
| gastric carcinoma | Malignant tumor of the stomach. |
| gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) | Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach. |
| heartburn | The burning sensation caused by the regurgitation of hydrochloric acid from the stomach to the esophagus. |
| hernia | Protrusion of an organ or part through the muscle normally containing it. |
| peptic ulcer | Open sore or lesion of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum. |
| anal fistula | Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus. |
| hiatal hernia | The upper part of the stomach protrudes upward through the diaphragm. |
| inguinal hernia | A small loop of bowel protrudes through a weak lower abdominal muscle. |
| anal fissure | A painful narrow slit in the mucous membrane of the anus. |
| colonic polyposis | Polyps (benign growths) protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon. |
| colorectal cancer | Adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both. |
| Crohn disease | Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract. |
| diverticulosis | Abnormal side pockets (outpouchings) in the intestinal wall. |
| diverticulitis | When fecal matter becomes trapped in the diverticula. |
| diverticula | The pouch-like herniations through the muscular wall of the colon. |
| dysentery | Painful, inflammed intestines. |
| hemorrhoids | Swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region. |
| ileus | Failure of peristalsis with obstruction of the intestines. |
| intussusception | Telescoping of the intestines. |
| irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) | Group of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress and tension. |
| ulcerative colitis | Chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers. |
| volvulus | Twisting of the intestine upon itself. |
| cholelithiasis | Gallstones in the gallbladder. |
| cirrhosis | Chronic degenerative disease of the liver. |
| pancreatitis | Inflammation of the pancreas. |
| viral hepatitis | Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus. |
Created by:
jonescd
Popular Medical sets