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Industrial Revs.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Enclosure / Fenced-off movement | Agricultural innovation allowing crops to be grown in closed spaces |
| Charles "Turnip" Townshend | Invented idea of crop rotation which allowed soil to replenish nutrients |
| Jethro Tull | Seed drill that spread seeds and plants out for maximum produce |
| Land (availability, ports), Capital (experience, world trade, money), Labor (growing population) | Preconditions for industrial revolution / Factors of production |
| Well located (island), raw materials, transportation, inventions. Also, no Catholic Church to ban innovation | Reasons for British success in industry |
| Putting out / Domestic / Cottage system | System of work where people worked on own time, and produced what was necessary |
| Factory system | System of work where people work outside home, on set hours, by rules to increase production and decrease cost - textiles began this |
| Flying shuttle | John Kay's invention |
| Spinning jenny | James Hargreaves's invention |
| Water frame | Richard Arkwright's invention |
| Spinning mule | Samuel Crompton's invention |
| Power loom | Edmund Cartwright's invention |
| James Watt and Matthew Boulton | Invented steam power, which allowed factories to be made anywhere (not just near water-ways) |
| The rocket | Invention with steam power used in trains and railroads |
| The Clermont | First steamboat |
| Proletariat | A factory worker |
| Tenements (back to backs) | Housing spaces in urban areas - extremely compact and unsanitary. Diseases easily spread, no clean water, excrements left outside |
| Cholera | Disease that broke out because of unsanitary water. Largest epidemic since black plague |
| Bourgeoisie | Term for new upper middle class. Criticized b/c many were factory owners and capitalists. These criticisms led to socialist / communist reforms |
| Partnership / Proprietorship | Business organization 1760-1860 where, to start business, one had to borrow money from bank (not public) |
| Corporation | Business organization 1860-1920 where public invested in stock market and owned part of company, but had no say in affairs |
| Socialism | System in which government controls means of production to spread wealth fairly equally. Gives some power to people. |
| Utopian socialsm | Robert Owen's system (idea from Thomas Moore) where the government perfects the environment to improve people |
| Marxism | Karl Marx / Frederick Engels's system - eventually lead to perfect socialist system. 3 steps - violent revolution, dictatorship of proletariat, pure communism. |
| Communist Manifesto | Pamphlet Karl Marx and Frederick Engels made to spread the idea of communism |
| Revisionism / Democratic socialism | Eduard Bernstein's system where voting and other democratic ideals are used to create socialism |
| Communism | A system based off of Marxism where a violent revolution is needed to make a socialist government. Classless, stateless - one works to benefit all people. Russians said to have this after their revolution |
| Vladimir Lenin | Leader of Bolsheviks. Disagrees with Marxism b/c no revolution naturally happens, so he helps overthrow gov after Czar steps down (WWI) and Russia leaves war. |
| Bolsheviks | Russian group during its revolution that win Civil War and call themselves communists. Begin making camps and intentional famine. |
| Chartism | Working class union and movement in the 1830s to spread awareness of labor conditions |
| Factory Acts of 1819 | Social reforms limiting child labor and bettering working conditions |
| Otto von Bismark | Chancellor of Germany that starts social reforms like pensions and worker's compensation |
Created by:
uriel_magana
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