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World History Sem. 1
This is the vocabulary for world history....Chapter 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Culture | the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next |
| Artifacts | object made by human beings, either hand-made or mass-produced |
| Hominids | Early humans and human like creature |
| Anthropology | the social science that studies the origins and social relationships of human beings |
| Paleontologists | Scientists who study fossils |
| Archaeologists | a person who learns about the human past by studing fossils and artifacts |
| Australopithecine | any of several extinct humanlike small-brained bipedal primates of the genus Australopithecus |
| Homo-habilis | Extinct species of upright east African hominid having some advanced humanlike characteristics |
| Homo-erectus | extinct species of primitive hominid with upright stature but small brain |
| Homo-sapien | human being |
| Flint-Knapping | process of chipping away or applying pressure to create a rough grooved edge |
| Paleolithic | second part of the Stone Age beginning about 750,00 to 500,000 years BC and lasting until the end of the last ice age about 8,500 years BC |
| Neolithic | latest part of the Stone Age beginning about 10,000 BC in the middle east (but later elsewhere) |
| Donald Johansen | Found Lucy skeleton (Australopithecus afarensis in Ethiopia) 3.5 million years old |
| Tom C. Gray | saw lucy first |
| "Lucy" | incomplete skeleton of female found in eastern Ethiopia in 1974 |
| Hadar | region of Ethiopia where the Gona site is located, with the oldest-known stone tools found dating back to 2.5 million years ago |
| Laetoli | site in Tanzania where hominid footprints were found |
| Olduvai Gorge | a gorge in northeastern Tanzania where anthropologists have found some of the earliest human remains |
| The Leakey's | Early archeological couple to discover remains in Africa. |
| Jarmo, Iraq | Jarmo and the western slopes of Zargos Mountains (Iran) are places in which agriculture developed |
| Catal Huyuk | One of first true cities in history, created in the Neolithic Era in 6500 to 5500 BC, from which were created agriculture, trading, temples, housing, and religions |
| Domestication | the taming of animals for human use, such as work or as food |
| Irrigation | supplying land with water through a network of canals |
| Band | A level of social organization normally consisting of between 20 and 30 people; nomadic hunters and gatherers; labor divided on a gender basis. |
| Tribe/Clan | a group of people united by ties of descent from a common ancestor, community of customs and traditions, adherence to the same leaders |
| Settlement | A permanent collection of buildings and inhabitants. |
| City | a conglomeration of people and buildings clustered together to serve as a center of politics, culture, and economics |
| Civilization | a society with cities, a central government, job specialization, and social classes |
| Cultural Diffusion | The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another |
| Food Surplus | extra food creation that allows people to engage in activities besides farming |
| Specialization of Labor | To train or specialize people in certain areas of work so that people can accomplish tasks quicker |
| Artisans | skilled workers who make goods by hand |
| Merchants | traders |
| Sumerians | People who dominated Southern Mesopotamia through the end of the 3rd Millennium BCE. Responsible for the creation of irrigation technology, cunieform, and religious conceptions. |
| Ur | an ancient city of Sumer located on a former channel of the Euphrates River |
| Ziggurat | a huge mud-brick temple built by the ancient Sumerians |
| Radio-Carbon Dating | a scientific method for determining the age of once living things by measuring the amount of carbon 14 remaining |
| Bronze Age | a period in human history, beginning around 3000 B.C. in some areas, during which people began using bronze, rather than copper or stone, to fashion tools and weapons |
Created by:
Samanthas1583
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