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Ms.Rida's Final Exam
Use this to review all the key terms for the comprehensive Semester I final.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Monotheism | The belief in one God- introduced by the Jews. |
| Polytheism | The belief in many gods- almost all ancient religions were based on this. |
| Enlightenment (Buddhism) | In Buddhism, this is a state of perfect wisdom and understanding of the basic truths of the universe and results in a break in the chain of reincarnations. |
| Caliph | Leader of the Muslims after Muhammad- it means "successor" or deputy. |
| Sunni | A division within Islam that holds that caliph could be any Muslim who followed the example of Muhammad. |
| Shi'a | A division in Islam that believes that the caliph needs to be relative of Muhammad and acknowledges Ali and his descendents as the rightful successors. |
| Pope | Head of the Catholic Church- his other job is to be the bishop of Rome. |
| Karma | Totality of the good and bad deeds performed by a person which is believed to determined one's next life in Hinduism and Buddhism. |
| Siddhartha Gautama | The prince who left his family and became the founder of Buddhism. |
| Abraham | Founder of Judaism- important in Christianity and Islam as well. |
| Muhammad | Founder of Islam. |
| Feudalism | A political system based on mutual rights and obligations between kings, lords and vassals and is a system of governing and land-holding. |
| Manor | A lord's estate that is comprised of the land, house, workshops, and peasants homes. |
| Manorialism | An economic system based on mutual rights and obligations between a lord and his peasants and/or serf |
| Lord | This land-owner/giver is important to both Feudalism and Manorialism. |
| Peasants | Skilled workers who could leave the manor and look for work elsewhere. |
| Fief | Is the name of a land grant given to vassals in exchange for work and military protection. |
| Vassal | A person who receives a fief. A noble becomes this when he receives land in exchange for loyalty, taxes, and military service. |
| Knight | Vassals who were soldiers that are mounted on horseback that protect the lord's land and hope to be known for their bravery in battle. |
| Serfs | Farmers and unskilled workers who could not lawfully leave the land that they were born into. |
| Tithe | The tax peasants and serfs owed to the Church after they had paid all their other taxes to their lord. |
| Reconquista | the effort by Christian leaders to drive out the Muslims out of Spain |
| Humanism | a Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements |
| Indulgences | a pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin. |
| Vernacular | the everyday language of people in a region or country. |
| Renaissance | a period of European history that lasted from 1300 to 1600 during which there was a rebirth of art and learning. |
| Patron | a person who supports artists, especially financially |
| Perspective | an artistic technique that creates the appearance of three dimensions on a flat surface |
| Secular | concerned with worldly rather than religious/spiritual matters |
| Medici Family | a wealthy family in Florence, Italy that were patrons of art. |
| Leonardo Da Vinci | famous painter, sculptor, inventor and scientist that makes him the best example of a Renaissance man; famous for The Mona Lisa and The Last Supper |
| Akbar | He encouraged religious tolerance in the Mughal Empire and presided over a great cultural and artistic age. |
| Timur the Lame | This Central Asian conqueror interrupted the growth of the Ottoman Empire when he invaded the Ottomans. |
| Cultural blending | This interaction of two or more cultures produces new languages and new ideas in art, religion, and society. |
| Devshirme | Christian boys were taken as slaves, converted to Islam, and turned into warriors and government officials as part of this Ottoman policy. |
| Ghazi | This was the term for a warrior for Islam who belonged to a military society with a strict code of conduct. |
| Sultan | Arabic word that means ‘overlord' or ‘one with power' |
| Janissary | a member of an elite force of soldiers in the Ottoman Empire trained to be loyal to the sultan only. |
| Mughals | One of the nomads who invaded the Indian subcontinent in the 16th century and established a powerful empire there, they called themselves this which means "Mongols" |
| Ottomans | Followers of Othman named themselves this and they created a powerful Muslim military empire |
| Sikhs | a member of a non-violent religious group whose beliefs blend elements of Buddhism, Hinduism, and Sufism. |
| Encomienda | a grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it. |
| Atlantic Slave Trade | the buying, transporting, and selling of Africans for work in the Americas. |
| Columbian Exchange | the global transfer of plants, animals, and diseases that occurred during the European colonization of the Americas. |
| Joint-Stock Companies | a business in which investors pool their wealth for a common purpose, then share the profits. |
| Mercantilism | an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought |
| Icon | A religious symbol or image used by Easter Christians during their worship. |
| Tang Dynasty | The dynasty founded by ___ expanded China, promoted foreign trade, and promoted improvements in agriculture. |
| 10 Commandments | Ten orders or laws given by God to Moses on Mount Sinai for the Jews to follow and live by. |
| Hijrah | Muhammad's migration from Mecca to Medina in A.D.622 that made him into an important political leader. |
| Pastoralists | Nomadic peoples who herded animals were called ___. |
| Movable Type | ___, an important Chinese technological advance, revolutionized printing. |
| Kublai Khan | The Mongol ruler ___ united China for the first time in 300 years. |
| Genghis Khan | ___ united the Mongols and led them in conquering much of Asia. |
| Marco Polo | Most European readers did not believe the stories that the Venetian merchant ___ told about what he had seen in China. |
| Samurai | ___ were loyal warriors and bodyguards of their lords. |
| Shogun | A leader with the title of ___ had the power of a military dictator in Japan. |
| Bushido | A japanese code of behavior has a name meaning "the way of the warrior" |
| Shinto | A japanese religion that believed that an especially beautiful tree, rock, or mountain was the home of a kami |
| Gentry | A class of powerful, well-to-do people who enjoy a high social status. |
| Clan | A group of people descended from a common ancestor. |
| Pax Mongolica | The time period from the mid-1200s to mid-1300s during which the Mongols brought stability and law and order to much of Eurasia and trade became much safer. |
| Tang Taizong | The dynasty founded by _________ expanded China, promoted foreign, and promoted improvements in agriculture, so his dynasty was named after him. |
Created by:
fatmehreda
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