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Giattino - U1-2c
The Greeks
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Geographic Setting | Mountains - cover more than ¾ of the land. Climate: winters are mild; summer are hot climate with rainfall from October to March - long growing season |
Effects of Greek Geography | Sea provided link to trade and cultural exchange with Mediterranean communities. Organized into polis (independent city states) separated by seas and rugged mountains |
Homer | “Iliad” and “Odyssey” describe the Trojan War. Approximately 1194-1184 BCE , Greeks vs Troy |
Hellenism: The Arts & Sciences | Scientists / Mathematicians: heliocentric theory. geometry, pulley Art - More realistic Showed individual emotions, wrinkles, and age! |
Polis | (city states) = all had its own form of government, laws and money (Corinth, Thebes, Athens, Sparta) |
Direct Democracy | All the male citizens would gather, discussed the issues, and then voted on them. |
Sparta | A warrior and military state (state above individual) Boys started military training at the age of 7; joined military at age of 20; end of military service at the age of 60 Soldiers given land which was farmed by the helots |
Philosophers and Thinkers | Socrates, Plato, Aristotle Establishment of philosophical schools that examine issues such as true knowledge, the soul, love, beauty and scientific learning |
Hellenistic Era | Exported Greek culture: architecture, politics, law, literature, philosophy, religion, and art as models of perfection |
Persian War | Persians sought to extend their rule into the Greek city-states |
Pericles | Golden Age → period of massive cultural and intellectual achievement. Athens became extremely powerful during this time period and would attempt to exert this dominance over the other city-states |
Golden Age Achievements | Direct Democracy is established. Stipends are paid to citizens for participation in government activities. Assembly is given more power and increased to 6000 members. Trial by jury is created. |
Peloponnesian War | War between Athens and Sparta |
Alexander the Great | King at 20, dead at 32 Finest general in antiquity Student of Aristotle Storms through Greece in two months and assures his rule. Abolishes taxes in Macedonia. Spreads Greek culture over a very wide area, thus creating Hellenistic civilization |