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History Chp6
The Middle Ages
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| feudal system | the system of landownership in the Middle Ages |
| fief | an area of land which the king granted a lord in return for a promise to fight for the king. |
| motte | a man-made hill on which a castle was built. |
| bailey | the courtyard of a medieval castle. |
| moat | a deep ditch dug around the walls of a castle. |
| keep | a large square tower. |
| portcullis | an iron gate which could be lowered over the entrance of a castle during an attack. |
| turret | a small tower built on a castle wall. |
| barbican | a defensive gatehouse at the entrance of a castle. |
| fosterage | the children of a lord and lady of the castle were sent to other noble families to supervise their upbringing |
| hawking | birds of prey hunt for small animals |
| manor | the village and surrounding lands owned by the lord. |
| demesne | the land the lord kept for his own private use; those lands he did not rent to others |
| page | the first stage of a knight's training. Young boys from 7 were taught manners and basic fighting skills |
| squire | the second stage of a knight's training. Squires assisted knights and learned to fight with real weapons |
| tournament | contest between knights |
| jousting | two knights on horseback charge at each other with a lance. |
| chivalry | a code of conduct for knights. |
| open field system | the land in a village was divided into three large fields and then divided into different strips, which were farmed by the serfs. |
| serf | a peasant who was not allowed to leave the village without the lord's permission. |
| freemen | they were skilled workers who paid rent to the nobles and were free to move if they wanted to. |
| tithe | every year the serfs had to give one tenth of their crop to the parish priest for the upkeep of the church. |
| pottage | a vegetable stew. |
| charter | a list of rules for a medieval town or city. |
| toll | money that had to be paid in order to trade in a medieval town. |
| curfew | once darkness came, townspeople had to extinguish all fires. |
| guild | an organisation for craft workers which had strict rules for all its members. |
| pillory | an offender's hand and head were locked in a wooden frame. |
| stocks | |
| sanctuary | a place of refuge from the law within church grounds. |
| cloister | a walled, enclosed area in a monastery where monks prayed. |
| abbot | the monk in charge of a monastery. |
| tonsure | the shaving of the crown of a monk's head. |
| chapter house | where the monks held daily meetings. |
| refectory | the dining room in a monastery. |
| infirmarian | a monk that looked after visitors and distributed food to the poor. |
| black death | a medieval plague spread by fleas. |
| Normans | William the Conqueror invaded England at the Battle of Hastings |
| 1169 | the Normans invaded Ireland under the leadership of Strongbow. |
| Almoner | A monk who looked after poor people who came to the monastery looking for help |
Created by:
cctullamore
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