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Medical Term. Ch. 6
Medical Terminology Chapter 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome | commonly known as AIDS; the most advanced, and fatal, stage of an HIV infection |
| Allergen | a substance that produces an allergic reaction in an individual |
| Antibiotic | medication that is capable of inhibiting growth, or killing pathogenic bacterial microorganisms |
| Antibody | a disease-fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen |
| Antifungal | an agent that destroys or inhibits the growth of fungi |
| Antigen | any substance that the body regards as being foreign, and includes viruses, bacteria, toxins, and transplanted tissues |
| Antigen-Antibody reaction | aka immune reaction; involves binding antigens to antibodies |
| Autoimmune disorder | any of a large group of diseases characterized by a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against its own tissues |
| Bacilli | rod-shaped spore-forming bacteria |
| Bacteria | one-celled microscopic organisms |
| Carcinoma | a malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue |
| Carcinoma in situ | describes a malignant tumor in its original position that has not yet disturbed or invaded the surrounding tissues |
| Complement | a group of proteins that normally circulate in the blood in an inactive form and are activated by contact with nonspecific antigens such as foreign blood cells or bacteria; then marks these foreign invaders & attracts phagocytes to destroy these antigens |
| Cytomegalovirus | a member of the herpes virus family that cause a variety of diseases |
| Cytotoxic drug | a medication that kills or damages cells |
| Ductal carcinoma in situ | breast cancer at its earliest stage before the cancer has broken through the wall of the milk duct |
| Hemolytic | function of destroying worn-out red blood cells and releasing their hemoglobin for reuse |
| Herpes zoster | aka shingles; an acute viral infection characterized by painful skin eruptions that follow the underlying route of an inflamed nerve |
| Hodgkin's lymphoma | distinguished from other lymphomas by the presence of large, cancerous lymphocytes known as Reed-Sternberg cells |
| Human immunodeficiency virus | a bloodborne infection in which the virus damages or kills the cells of the immune system, causing it to progressively fail, thus leaving the body at risk of developing many life-threatening oppurtunistic infections |
| Immunodeficiency disorder | occurs when the immune response is compromised |
| Immunoglobulins | bind with specific antigens in the antigen-antibody response |
| Immunosuppressant | a substance that prevents or reduces the body's normal immune response |
| Immunotherapy | a disease treatment that involves either stimulating or repressing the immune response |
| Infectious mononucleosis | caused by the Epstein-Barr virus; characterized by fever, a sore throat, and enlarged lymph nodes |
| Infiltrating ductal carcinoma | starts in milk duct, breaks through the wall of that duct, and invades the fatty breast tissue |
| Interferon | a family of proteins produced by the T cells whose specialty is fighting viruses by slowing or stopping their multiplication |
| Lymphadenitis | aka swollen glands; an inflammation of the lymph nodes |
| Lymphadenopathy | any disease process affecting a lymph node or nodes |
| Lymphangioma | a benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system |
| Lymphedema | swelling due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within the tissues |
| Lymphocytes | white blood cells that are formed in bone marrow as stem cells |
| Lymphokines | are produced by the T cells and direct the antigen-antibody response by signaling between the cells of the immune system; attract macrophages to the infected site and prepare them to attack the invaders |
| Lymphoma | a general term applied to malignancies affecting lymphoid tissues |
| Lymphoscintigraphy | a diagnostic test that is performed to detect damage or malformations of the lymphatic vessels |
| Macrophage | a type of white blood cell that surrounds and kills invading cells |
| Malaria | a disease caused by a parasite that lives in certain mosquitoes that is transferred to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito |
| Mammography | a radiographic examination of the breasts to detect the presence of tumors or precancerous cells |
| Metastasis | a new cancer site that results from the spreading process |
| Metastasize | the process by which cancer spreads from one place to another |
| Myoma | a benign tumor made up of muscle tissue |
| Myosarcoma | a malignant tumor derived from muscle tissue |
| Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma | the term used to describe all lymphomas other than Hodgkin's lymphoma |
| Opportunistic infection | caused by a pathogen that does not normally produce an illness in healthy humans |
| Osteosarcoma | a malignant tumor usually involving the upper shaft of long bones, the pelvis, or knee |
| Parasite | a plant or animal that lives on, or within, another living organism at the expense of that organism |
| Pathogen | a microorganism that causes a disease in humans |
| Rabies | an acute viral infection that is most commonly transmitted to humans by the bite or saliva of an infected animal |
| Rickettsia | a small bacterium that lives in lice, fleas, and mites |
| Rubella | a viral infection characterized by a low-grade fever, swollen glands, inflamed eyes, and a fine, pink rash |
| Sarcoma | a malignant tumor that arises from connective tissues, including hard tissues, soft tissues, and liquid tissues |
| Spirochetes | spiral-shaped bacteria that have flexible walls and are capable of movement |
| Splenomegaly | an abnormal enlargement of the spleen |
| Staphylococci | a group of about 30 species of bacteria that form irregular groups or clusters resembling grapes |
| Streptococci | bacteria that form a chain |
| Teletherapy | radiation therapy administered at a distance from the body |
| Tetanus | caused by the bacillus Clostridium tetani, and is transmitted through a cut or wound |
| Toxoplasmosis | a parasite most commonly transmitted from animals to humans by contact with contaminated feces |
| Varicella | aka chickenpox; caused by the herpes virus Varicella zoster and is highly contagious; characterized by a fever and a rash consisting of hundreds of itchy, fluid-filled blisters that burst and form crusts |
| BSE | Breast self-examination |
| CA, Ca | Carcinoma |
| CIS | Carcinoma in situ |
| CMV | Cytomegalovirus |
| DCIS | Ductal Carcinoma in Situ |
| ELISA | Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay |
| EBV | Epstein-Barr virus |
| HZ | Herpes zoster |
| HIV | Human immunodeficiency virus |
| MET | Metastasis |
| met | Metastasize |
| NHL | Non-Hodkin's lymphoma |
| Anoxia | the absence of oxygen from the body's gases, blood, or tissues |
| Anthracosis | aka black lung disease; caused by coal dust in the lungs |
| Antitussive | commonly known as cough medicine; administered to prevent or relieve coughing |
| Aphonia | the loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds |
| Apnea | the absence of spontaneous respiration |
| Asbestosis | caused by asbestos particles in the lungs and usually occurs after working with asbestos |
| Asphyxia | the condition that occurs when the body cannot get the air it needs to function |
| Asphyxiation | aka suffocation; any interruption of normal breathing resulting in asphyxia |
| Aspiration pneumonia | can occur when a foreign substance, such as vomit, is inhaled into the lungs |
| Asthma | a chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing |
| Atelectasis | the collapse of part of all of a lung by blockage of the air passages or by very shallow breathing |
| Bradypnea | an abnormally slow rate of respiration usually of less that 10 breaths per minute |
| Bronchodilator | a medication that expands the opening of the passages into the lungs |
| Bronchorrhea | an excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi |
| Bronchoscopy | the visual examination of the bronchi using a bronchoscope |
| Bronchospasm | a contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles that tighten and squeeze the airway shut |
| Cheyne-Stokes respiration | pattern of alternating periods of hypopnea or apnea, followed by hyperpnea |
| Croup | an acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and a barking cough |
| Cystic fibrosis | a genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus |
| Diphtheria | an acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract |
| Dysphonia | any change in vocal quality, including hoarseness, weakness, or the cracking of a boy's voice during puberty |
| Dyspnea | aka shortness of breath; difficult or labored breathing |
| Emphysema | the progressive loss of lung function that is characterized by a decrease in the total number of alveoli, the enlargement of the remaining alveoli, and the progressive destruction of the walls of the remaining alveoli |
| Empyema | a collection of pus within a body cavity |
| Endotracheal intubation | the passage of a tube through the nose or mouth into the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway |
| Epistaxis | aka nosebleed; bleeding from the nose that is usually caused by an injury, excessive use of blood thinners, or bleeding disorders |
| Hemoptysis | coughing up of blood or bloodstained sputum derived from the lungs or bronchial tubes as the result of a pulmonary or bronchial hemorrhage |
| Hemothorax | a collection of blood in the pleural cavity |
| Hypercapnia | the abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood |
| Hyperpnea | breathing that is deeper and more rapid than is normal at rest |
| Hypopnea | shallow or slow respiration |
| Hypoxemia | a condition of having below-normal oxygen level in the blood |
| Hypoxia | the condition of having below-normal oxygen levels in the body tissues and cells |
| Laryngectomy | the surgical removal of the larynx |
| Laryngitis | an inflammation of the larynx |
| Laryngoplegia | a paralysis of the larynx |
| Laryngoscopy | the visual examination of the larynx using a laryngoscope inserted through the mouth and placed into the pharynx to examine the larynx |
| Mediastinum | the cavity located between the lungs |
| Nubulizer | pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine to turn it into a vapor |
| Otolaryngologist | a physician with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the ears, nose, throat, and related structures of the head and neck |
| Pertussis | aka whooping cough; a contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that is characterized by recurrent bouts of paroxysmal cough, followed by breathlessness, and a noisy inspiration |
| Pharyngitis | aka sore throat; an inflammation of the pharynx |
| Pharyngoplasty | the surgical repair of the pharynx |
| Pleurectomy | the surgical removal of part of the pleura |
| Pleurisy | an inflammation of the pleura that produces sharp chest pain with each breath |
| Pleurodynia | pain in the pleura that occurs in relation to breathing movements |
| Pneumoconiosis | fibrosis of the lung tissues caused by dust in the lungs that usually develops after prolonged environmental or occupational contact |
| Pneumonectomy | the surgical removal of all or part of a lung |
| Pneumothorax | the accumulation of air in the pleural space causing a pressure imbalance that prevents the lung from fully expanding or can cause it to collapse |
| Polysomnography | aka sleep apnea study; measures physiological activity during sleep and is most often performed to detect nocturnal defects in breathing associated with sleep apnea |
| Pulmonologist | a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the lungs and associated tissues |
| Pulse oximeter | an external monitor placed on the patient's finger or earlobe to measure the oxygen saturation level in the blood |
| Pyothorax | the presence of pus in the pleural cavity between the layers of the pleural membrane |
| Sinusitis | an inflammation of the sinuses |
| Tachypnea | an abnormally rapid rate of respiration usually of more than 20 breaths per minute |
| Thoracentesis | the surgical puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity |
| Thoracostomy | the surgical creation of an opening into the chest cavity |
| Tracheostomy | the creation of a stoma into the trachea and inserting a tube to facilitate the passage of air or the removal of secretions |
| Tracheotomy | usually an emergency procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea to gain access to the airway below a blockage |
| Tuberculosis | an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; usually attacks the lungs, but can affect other parts of the body |
| COPD | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
| CF | Cystic Fibrosis |
| diph | Diphtheria |
| PCP | Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia |
| pneu, pneum | pneumonia |
| PPV | Positive Pressure Ventilation |
| PD | Postural Drainage |
| PFT | Pulmonary Function Test |
| URI | Upper Respiratory Infection |
| PPD | Purified Protein Derivative |
| R, resp | Respiration |
| RF | Respiratory Failure |
| RR | Respiratory Rate |
| SARS | Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome |
| SIDS | Sudden Infant Death Syndrome |
| Aerophagia | the excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking, and is a common cause of gas in the stomach |
| Amebic dysentery | transmitted by food or water that is contaminated due to poor sanitary conditions; symptoms include loose stools, stomach pain, and stomach cramping; bloody stools, or fever in a more sever case |
| Anastomosis | a surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures |
| Anorexia nervosa | an eating disorder characterized by a false perception of body appearance; voluntary starvation and excessive exercising |
| Antiemetic | a medication that is administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting |
| Aphthous ulcers | aka canker sores or mouth ulcers; gray-white pits with a red border in the soft tissues lining the mouth |
| Ascites | an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity |
| Bariatrics | the branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of obesity and associated diseases |
| Borborygmus | the rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine |
| Botulism | food poisoning; condition transmitted through contaminated food or an infected wound; symptoms include paralysis and sometimes death |
| Bulimia nervosa | an eating disorder characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications |
| Cachexia | a condition of physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer or AIDS |
| Cheilosis | a disorder of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the mouth |
| Cholangiography | a radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of a contrast medium |
| Cholangitis | an acute infection of the bile duct characterized by pain in the upper-right quadrant of the abdomen |
| Cholecystalgia | pain in the gallbladder |
| Cholecystectomy | the surgical removal of the gallbladder |
| Cholecystitis | inflammation of the gallbladder, usually associated with gallstones blocking the flow of bile |
| Choledocholithotomy | an incision into the common bile duct for the removal of gallstones |
| Cholelithiasis | the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts |
| Cholera | transmitted through contact with contaminated food or water; symptoms starte with diarrhea and can progress to profuse diarrhea, vomiting, and rapid dehydration that can be fatal if not treated. |
| Cirrhosis | a progressive degenerative disease of the liver that is often caused by excessive alcohol use or by viral hepatitis B or C |
| Colonoscopy | the direct visual examination of the inner surface of the entire colon from the rectum to the cecum |
| Crohn's disease | a chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract; however, it is most often found in the ileum and in the colon |
| Diverticulitis | the inflammation of one or more diverticula in the colon |
| Diverticulosis | the presence of a number of diverticula in the colon |
| Dyspepsia | aka indigestion; pain or discomfort in digestion |
| Dysphagia | difficulty in swallowing |
| Emesis | aka vomiting; the reflex ejection of the stomach contents through the mouth |
| Enteritis | an inflammation of the small intestine caused by eating or drinking substances contaminated with viral and bacterial pathogens |
| Eructation | the act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach |
| Esophageal varices | enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus |
| Gastroduodenostomy | the establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and the duodenum |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease | aka GERD; the upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus |
| Gastrostomy tube | a surgically placed feeding tube from the exterior of the body into the stomach |
| Hematemesis | the vomiting of blood |
| Hemoccult test | a laboratory test for hidden blood in the stools |
| Hepatitis | an inflammtion of the liver |
| Herpes labialis | aka cold sores or fever blisters; blister-like sores on the lips and adjacent facial tissue that are caused by the oral herpes simplex virus type 1 |
| Hiatal hernia | a condition in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest, through an opening in the diaphragm |
| Hyperemesis | extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration |
| Ileus | the partial or complete blockage of the small and/or large intestine |
| Inguinal hernia | the protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin |
| Jaundice | a yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and the eyes |
| Melena | the passage of black, tarry and foul-smelling stools |
| Morbid obesity | the condition of weighing two to three times, or more, than the ideal weight or having a body mass index value greater than 39 |
| Nasogastric intubation | the placement of a feeding tube through the nose and into the stomach |
| Obesity | an excessive accumulation of fat in the body |
| Periodontium | consists of the bone and soft tissues that surround and support the teeth |
| Peristalsis | a series of wave-like contractions of the smooth muscles in a single direction |
| Proctopexy | the surgical fixation of a prolapsed rectum to an adjacent tissue or organ |
| Regurgitaion | the return of swallowed food into the mouth |
| Salmonellosis | transmitted by food that is contaminated by feces; symptoms include severe diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and high fever |
| Sigmoidoscopy | the endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and possibly a portion of the descending colon |
| stomatorrhagia | describes bleeding from any part of the mouth |
| Trismus | describes any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation associated with the treatment of oral cancer |
| Ulcerative colitis | a chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation |
| Volvulus | the twisting of the intestine on itself that causes an obstruction |
| Xerostomia | aka dry mouth; the lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by the salivary glands |
| BMI | Body Mass Index |
| chole | Cholecystectomy |
| EGD | Esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
| FOBT | Fecal occult blood test |
| GB | Gallbladder |
| GERD | Gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| HH | Hiatal hernia |
| IBS | Irritable Bowel Syndrome |
| O & P | Ova and parasites |
| HSV-1 | Oral Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 |
| TMD | Temporomandibular disorders |
| Anti- | against |
| Carcin/o | cancerous |
| Immuno/o | immune, protection, safe |
| Lymph/o | lymph, lymphatic tissue |
| Lymphaden/o | lymph gland |
| Lymphangi/o | lymph vessel |
| Neo-, ne/o | new, strange |
| -oma | tumor, neoplasm |
| onc/o | tumor |
| phag/o | eat, swallow |
| -plasm | formative material of cells |
| sarc/o | flesh, connective tissue |
| splen/o | spleen |
| -tic | pertaining to |
| tox/o | poison, poisonous |
| bronch/o, bronchi/o | bronchial tube, bronchus |
| cyan/o | blue |
| laryng/o | larynx, throat |
| ox/i, ox/o, ox/y | oxygen |
| pharyng/o | throat, pharynx |
| phon/o | sound, voice |
| pleur/o | pleura, side of the body |
| -pnea | breathing |
| pneum/o, pneumon/o, pneu- | lung, air |
| pulm/o, pulmon/o | lung |
| somn/o | sleep |
| spir/o | to breathe |
| tachy- | fast, rapid |
| thorac/o, -thorax | chest |
| trache/o | trachea, windpipe |
| an/o | anus |
| chol/e | bile, gall |
| cholecyst/o | gallbladder |
| col/o, colon/o | colon, large intestine |
| -emesis | vomiting |
| enter/o | small intestine |
| esophag/o | esophagus |
| gastr/o | stomach, belly |
| hepat/o | liver |
| -lithiasis | presence of stones |
| -pepsia | digest, digestion |
| -phagia | eating, swallowing |
| proct/o | anus and rectum |
| rect/o | rectum, straight |
| sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon |
Created by:
Mandi11089
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