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unit 4 ðð¤
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Divine right | The idea that monarchs received their authority from God and ruled their "dominions" in his name |
| Absolute ruler | All of the power was given to the Monarch |
| Louis XVI (the sun king) (France) | Revoked the edict of Nantes forcing all French to be catholic Instituted heavy taxes to finance the palace of Versailles as a symbol of his power |
| Peter I ( the great ) ( Russia) | Forced Russia to westernize Forced nobles to shave their beards Instituted heavy taxes to build the new capital in his name "st. Petersburg" and create modern western military |
| Versailles palace | A chateau that Louis XIV of France built to show his power |
| English civil war | Parliament revolts against King Charles I for his abuse of power The forces of King Charles I (the cavilers) are defeated by the forces of parliament (round heads) |
| Roundheads | The forces of parliament during the English civil war |
| Cavaliers | The forces of the king during the English civil war |
| King Charles I | King Charles I was an abusive ruler he was then later executed by Oliver Cromwell who represented parliament |
| King Charles II | Parliament invites King Charles II to rule after having dissatisfaction with Oliver Cromwell - restoration of the monarchy |
| King James II | King Charles heir James II unlike his brother feels no obligation to Parliament and tries to rule as an absolute monarch under "divine right" once again as a Catholic monarch |
| William & Mary | Parliament invite James II's Protestant daughter Mary and William to take the throne in his place - period of the glorious reveloution |
| Constitutional or limited monarchy | Parliament has greater power than the monarch and the law is the common law |
| Period of the "restoration of the monarchy" | when king Charles the II assumes the throne due to the dissatisfaction with Oliver Cromwell |
| Oliver Cromwell | Oliver Cromwell executed King Charles Oliver Cromwell imposes strict rules based on Puritan religion standards |
| The commonwealth | Oliver Cromwells new kind of government |
| The glorious revolution | I revolution were no wars had to be fought to make the english bill of rights to protect the people |
| The enlightenment | Enlightenment had many characteristics such as being followed by democratic revolutions around the world religious tolerance believe in human progress and applied reason to understanding the Humane Society |
| The scientific revolution | A revolution where astronomers and philosophers were able to put their views of science out to the public |
| Thomas Hobbes | He wrote leviathan He believed in the "state of nature" human existed in a primitive and brutal state a government with absolute power is needed |
| John Locke | Wrote the two treatises of government John believed people are capable of governing themselves even in the "state of nature" the natural rights life,liberty and property |
| Montesquieu | Wrote the spirt of laws He thought the best way to end absolutism was to create a separation of powers within the government |
| Jean-Jacques Rousseau | The social contract: government is a contract freely entered into between rules and the people. |
| Voltaire | Religious tolerance should triumph over religious fanaticism; separation of church and state |
| Leviathan | A book written by Thomas Hobbes |
| Two treatises of government | john locke wrote People are capable of governing themselves even in the state of nature in which they can enjoy complete freedom |
| In the spirit of laws | Montesquieu Separation of powers within the government |
| The social contract | Jean-Jacques Government is a contract freely entered into between rulers and the people both sides must fill their obligations to one another |
| Nicholas Copernicus | Heliocentric theory Copernicus posthumously they discovery and publish that the sun was the center of the solar system |
| Johannes Kepler | Publish the idea that planetary motion is in the form of elliptical orbits around the sun |
| Galileo Galilei | Used telescope to confirm heliocentric theory but was forced to recant his theory when faced with prosecution by the court of inquisition |
| Isaac newton | Formulated the laws of gravity |
| William Harvey | Discovered blood circulates throughout the body in a closed system |
| Johann Sebastian Bach | A prominent Baroque composer |
| Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart | a prominent classical composer |
| Eugene Delacroix | Was a painter who contributed to Romanticism |
| Romanticism | In artistic movement focused on the beauty of nature and exposing human emotion |
| Miguel de Cervantes | Help develop a new form of literature with his favorite famous work Don Quixote |
| New Model Army | An army formed by parliament led by Oliver Cromwell |
| State of nature | The belief that humans existed in a primitive and brutal state |
| English bill of rights | promised that the monarch would summon parliament regularly |
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Bluejayjaylah
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