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The Age of Reason
The Age of Reason-The English Civil War, The Enlightenment, & The Scientific REV
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Divine Right | Kings and Queens have a God-given right to rule |
| Absolute Ruler | One man rules |
| Louis XIV (The Sun King) | 1. Revoked the Edict of Nantes forcing all French to be Catholic 2. Instituted heavy taxes to finance the Palace of Versailles as a symbol of his power 3. Is from France |
| Peter I (Peter "the great") | 1. Forced Russia to Westernize 2. Forced Russian nobles to shave their beards 3.Instituted heavy taxes to build a new capital in his name, called "St. Petersburg" 4. From Russia |
| Versailles Palace | The Sun King financed the Palace of Versailles |
| English Civil War "Civil War Begins" pt .1 | 1. Parliament revolts against King Charles I for his abuse of power and later (the Roundheads) defeats his forces (the cavaliers) |
| English Civil War "Cromwell's Commonwealth" pt.2 | 1. The leader of the Roundheads, Oliver Cromwell executes King Charles I and at the same time establishes the strict English Commonwealth |
| English Civil War "Restoration of the Monarchy" pt.3 | 1. Dissatisfaction with Cromwell's rule causes Parliament to invite King Charles II to retake the English throne 2. King Charles Heir James II and tries to rule as an absolute monarch under "divine right" once again |
| English Civil War "Glorious Revolution" pt. 4 | 1. Parliament invites James II"s protestant daughter Mary II & her husband William to take the throne 2. Mary & William sign an English Bill of Rights in 1689 creating a "limited" monarchy |
| The Roundheads | The forces of parliament |
| The Cavaliers | The forces of King Charles I |
| King Charles I | Was the leader of the Cavaliers and abused his power |
| King Charles II | Was invited by Parliament to retake the English Throne |
| King James II | Was chosen to rule by King Charles II |
| William & Mary | Mary was the daughter of James II and Mary was Married to William and both of them took the throne and signed the English Bill of Rights |
| Constitutional or limited monarchy | Parliament has greater power than the monarch and the law is "common law" which isn't based on social ranking or status |
| Period of the "restoration of the monarchy" | Began in 1660 when the monarchies were all restored under king Charles II |
| Oliver Cromwell | He executed king Charles II and established the English Commonwealth |
| The Commonwealth | Banned sports, theaters, colorful clothing, Christmas, make- up, and swearing was illegal |
| The Glorious Revolution | 1 .Mary and William take the throne 2. They sign the English Bill of Rights in 1689 3. Common law and a limited monarchy |
| The Enlightment | 1. Created a democratic revolution around the world 2. Started believing scientific knowledge 3. Had reason to understanding the human society 4. Had religious tolerance |
| The Scientific Revolution | 1. Formulated the scientific method 2. Expanded scientific knowledge 3. Emphasis on reason and observation 4. Believed the world can improve with scientific knowledge |
| Thomas Hobbes | Believed people were savages when they were born and the government should be absolute in it's power and he also wrote Leviathan |
| John Locke | Believed people aren't born savages and believed people should have government to protect their natural-rights meaning life, liberty, and property and he wrote Two Treatises on Government |
| Montesquieu | He wanted to end absolutism and create a separation of powers within the government into 3's and he wrote The Spirit of Laws |
| Jean-Jacques Rousseau | Created The Social Contract |
| Voltaire | He wanted religious toleration and separation of church and state |
| Leviathan | Written by Thomas Hobbes |
| Two Treaties on Government | Written by John Locke |
| In Spirit of Laws | Written by Montesquieu |
| The Social Contract | By Jean-Jacques Rousseau |
| Nicolaus Copernicus | Made the Heliocentric Theory which the sun was the center of solar system, not the Earth so the Earth revolves around the sun |
| Johannes Kepler | His idea was the elliptical orbits around the sun was in planetary motion |
| Galileo Galilei | Used a telescope to prove Nicolaus Copernicus heliocentric theory, but was faced with prosecution by the Court of Inquisition |
| Sire Isaac Newton | He showed us the Law of Gravity, helped explain Kepler's theory |
| William Harvey | Discovered blood circulates throughout the body in a closed system |
| Johann Sebastian Bach | A Baroque Composer |
| Wolf gang Amadeus Mozart | A classical composer |
| Eugene Delacroix | A painter who helped in Romanticism |
| Romanticism | An artistic movement focused on the beauty of nature and exposing human emotion |
| Miguel de Cervantes | Contributed on developing a new form of literature, the novel and his well known work Don Quixote |
Created by:
RiveraJA
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