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age of reason

age of reason, english civil war,the enlightenment, scientific revolution

TermDefinition
divine right the idea that monarchs received their power from God
absolute ruler all power was centralized (the monarch was the center of power)
Louis XIV (the sun king) Revoked Edict of Nantes Instituted heavy taxes in order to finance the Palace of Versailles (symbol of his power)
Peter I (the great) Forced Russia to westernize instituted heavy taxes to build a new capital in his name (st. petersburg) and created a modern western military
versailles palace symbol of king Louis XIV's power
English Civil War when Parliament fought King Charles Iover his abuse of power
Roundheads Parliament's army during the English Civil War
Cavaliers King Charles I's army during the English Civil War
King Charles I the first monarch that was in power during the English Civil War
King Charles II the monarch that took Cromwell's place during the Restoration of the Monarchy
King James II The monarch that bring back absolute rule during the Restoration of the Monarchy
William & Mary The king and Queen that ruled during the Glorious Revolution
Constitutional or limited monarchy when parliament has greater power than the monarchy
Period of the "restoration of the monarchy" when parliament brought back a monarch hoping to rule together
Oliver Cromwell Leader of the roundheads during the English Civil War
The Commonwealth created by oliver cromwell, and was ruled with a very strict puritan rule
The Glorious Revolution when Mary II & Henry ruled; the English Bill of Rights was established, creating a "constitutional" rule (this is the form of England's government to date)
The Enlightenment a period of time when many thinkers came up with different ideas and understandings of human society, particularly in the areas of law and government (also more religious tolerance)
The Scientific Revolution a large period of progression of scientific knowledge among scientific thinkers (heliocentric theory, laws of gravity, etc.)
Thomas Hobbes wrote Leviathan. believed that humans existed in a primitive and brutal "state of nature". this is why governments are formed, according to him. believed in absolute rule.
John Locke wrote Two Treatises on Government. believed people are capable of ruling themselves. also believed in natural rights (life,liberty,property). thought it was a citizen's duty to revolt against governments that violate their rights.
Montesquieu wrote the Spirit of Laws. believed in separation of powers.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau wrote The Social Contract. believed government was a contract freely entered into between the rulers and the people.
Voltaire believed in religious toleration and the separation of church and state
Leviathan written by Thomas Hobbes
Two Treatises on Government written by John Locke
In the Spirit of Laws written by Montesquieu
The Social Contract written by Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Johannes Kepler Published the idea that planetary motion is in the form of elliptical orbits around the sun
Galileo Galilei used the telescope to confirm heliocentric theory, but was forced to recant when faced with prosecution by the Court of Inquisition
Sir Isaac Newton formulated the laws of gravity, which helped confirm Kepler's theory of planetary motion
William Harvey discovered blood circulates throughout the body in a closed system
Johann Sebastian Bach prominent Baroque composer
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart prominent Classical composer
Eugene de la Croix a painter who contributed to Romanticism
Romanticism an artistic movement focused on the beauty of nature and exposing human emotion
Miguel de Cervantes developed the novel, wrote Don Quixote
Nicolaus Copernicus developed the Heliocentric theory (the earth rotates around the sun, not vice versa)
Created by: bubblewater
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