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Chapter 20
The Atlantic World
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Christopher Columbus | Explorer for Spain that tried to sail south around Africa to reach Asia, but ended up in the Caribbean and discovered the Americas |
| Colony | A land controlled by another nation |
| Hernando Cortes | Spanish explorer that searched the American mainland for gold and silver. Conquered the Aztecs |
| Conquistador | The Spanish soldiers, explorers, and fortune hunters who took part in the conquest of the Americas in the 16th century |
| Francisco Pizarro | Explorer that conquered the Incan Empire with ease |
| Atahualpa | Incan ruler that tried to stop Pizarro. He was captured and killed after a Spanish ambush |
| Mestizo | A person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestory |
| Ecomienda | A grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it |
| New France | French colony in North America. Was located around Quebec in Canada |
| Jamestown | Name of the English settlement in North America. Located in Virginia |
| Pilgrims | A group of people who, in 1620, founded the colony of Plymouth in Massachusetts to escape religious persecution in England |
| Puritans | A group of people who sought freedom from religious persecution in England by founding a colony at Massachusetts bay in the early 1600s |
| New Netherlands | Dutch colony in North America. Located around the Hudson River, Hudson Bay, and Hudson Straight |
| French and Indian War | A conflict between Britain and France for control of territory in North America, lasting from 1754 to 1763 |
| Metacom | Native American ruler that led many attacks on the colonists in Massachusetts |
| Atlantic Slave Trade | The buying, transporting, and selling of Africans for work in the Americas |
| Triangular Trade | The transatlantic trading network along which slaves and other goods were carried between Africa, England, Europe, the West Indies, and the colonies in America |
| Middle Passage | The voyage that brought captured Africans to the West Indies, and later to North and South America, to be sold as slaved-so called because it was considered the middle leg of the triangular trade |
| Columbian Exchange | The global transfer of plants, animals, and diseases that occurred during the European colonization of America |
| Capitalism | An economic system based on private ownership and on the investment of money in business ventures in order to make a profit |
| Joint-Stock Company | A business in which investors pool their wealth for a common purpose, then share their profits |
| Mercantalism | An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought |
| Favorable Balance of Trade | An economic situation in which a country sells more goods abroad that it buys from abroad |
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