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History Exam 2016 CS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Jamestown | first permanent english settlement in the americas located in present day Virginia |
| House of Burgesses | the first representative government in america |
| Plymouth | Where the Pilgrims from England sailed to on the Mayflower |
| Mayflower Compact | The first constitution of America |
| Debtor | Someone who owes money |
| Slave Code | The rights of slaves and their owners |
| Mercantilism | Theory that a nation’s economic strength came from keeping a strict control |
| Puritans | English Protestants |
| Thomas Hooker | A puritan colonial leader; founded Connecticut |
| Roger Williams | A Puritan who did not believe in punishing based on religion so he founded Rhode Island |
| Anne Hutchinson | A puritan spiritual advisor |
| William Penn | Founded Pennsylvania |
| James Oglethorpe | Founded Georgia to give debtors a second chance |
| Town Meetings | Meeting in colonial New England where settlers discussed and voted on issues |
| Slaves | People who are legal property and forced to obey their owner |
| Indentured Servants | People who are working off debt as a cost of traveling and setting up their business |
| The Great Awakening | A religious movement in English colonies in the early 1700s |
| Education in the Colonies | The setup where New England had Tax Supported Public Schools |
| The Enlightenment | A movement in Europe in the 1600s and the 1700s that emphasized the use of reason |
| John Peter Zenger | A journalist who was arrested for criticizing the governor of New York |
| The French and Indian War | A war that took place from 1754 to 1763 between England and France |
| Benjamin Franklin | One of the founding fathers |
| The Albany Plan of Union | A proposal by Benjamin Franklin to create one government for the 13 colonies |
| Proclamation of 1763 | A law forbidding English colonists to settle West of the Appalachian Mountains |
| Sugar Act | A tax on molasses; greatly affecting rum trade |
| Stamp Act | A 1765 law that placed new duties on legal documents and newspapers; almanacs; playing cards; and dice |
| Petition | A formal written request to someone in authority; signed by a group of people |
| Boycott | Refusal to buy certain goods or services |
| Writs of Assistance | A legal document that allowed British customs officials inspect a ship’s cargo without giving a reason |
| Abigail Adams | Wife and advisor of John Adams |
| John Adams | Lawyer for the abused British soldiers in the Boston Massacre; 2nd US President |
| Sam Adams | A founding father; American spokesman; and cousin of John Adams |
| The Boston Tea Party | A 1773 protest in which colonists dressed as Indians dumped British tea into The Boston Harbor |
| The Intolerable Acts | A series of laws passed in 1774 to punish Boston for The Tea Party |
| The First Continental Congress | A 1774 meeting in Philadelphia of delegates from 12 colonies |
| Militia | An army of citizens who serve as soldiers during an emergency |
| Lexington and Concord | Where the first shots of the American Revolution were fired |
| The Olive Branch Petition | A peace petition sent to King George by colonial delegates after the battle of Lexington and Concord; declaring their loyalty to the king and asking him to repeal the Intolerable Acts |
| Fort Ticonderoga | A British Fort that Benedict Arnold and The Green Mountain Boys captured for weapons |
| Patriot | Colonists who favored war against Britain |
| Loyalist | Colonists who remained loyal to Britain |
| The Battle of Bunker Hill | In 1775; first major war of the revolution |
| Dorchester Heights | Fortified to deceive the British; led to the American capture of Boston |
| Blockade | The shutting down of a port to keep people or supplies from moving in or out |
| Mercenary | A soldier who fights merely for pay |
| The Declaration of Independence | A 1776 document that stated that 143 English colonies were free and Independent |
| The Battle of Long Island | A 1776 battle in New York in which 1.400 American soldiers were killed; wounded; or killed |
| The Battle of Trenton | A 1776 battle in New Jersey in which George Washington's troops captured a Hessian encampment in a surprise attack |
| The Battle of Saratoga | In 1777; the first major American victory in the Revolution; which ended the British threat to New England |
| Ally | A nation that works with another nation for a common purpose |
| General Nathanial Greene | Led the Southern wing of The Continental Army |
| General Daniel Morgan | Second in command of the southern wing of the Continental Army |
| The Battle of Cowpens | A 1781 battle where the Americans used guerrilla tactics to win; they tricker the British into thinking they were retreating over a hill but they had more troops waiting over the hill |
| Guerilla tactics | a soldier who uses hit and run tactics |
| The Battle of Yorktown | A 1781 battle where the Americans defeated General Cornwallis with the help from the French who supplied them with weapons |
| General Cornwallis | The British commander at The Battle of Yorktown |
| French help at Yorktown | The French supplied the Americans with weapons for the war |
| Terms of the Treaty of Paris | A 1763 agreement between Britain and France that ended the French and Indian War; and marked the end of French Power in North America; peace treaty between US and Britain; it recognised the USA as a independent nation |
| Constitution | A document that sets out the law; principles; organization; and processes of government |
| Articles of Confederation | The first american constitution; passed in 1777; which created a loose alliance of 13 independent states |
| Money problems after war | After the war Britain spent a lot on winning the war so then they had to add taxes |
| Northwest Ordinance | A 1787 article that set up a government for the Northwest territory; guaranteed basic rights to settlers; and outlaws slavery there |
| Shay’s Rebellion | A 1786 revolt in Massachusetts led by farmers in reaction to the high taxes |
| Constitution Convention | A gathering of state representatives on May 25th 1787; to revise the Articles of Confederation |
| James Madison | Wrote the Bill of Rights; or the 10 amendments |
| Virginia Plan | A plan at the Constitutional Convention; favored by larger states; that called for a strong national government with three branches and a two-chamber legislature |
| Legislative Plan | A group of people who have the power to make laws |
| Executive Branch | The branch of government that carries out laws |
| Judicial Branch | The branch of government that decides if laws are carried out fairly |
| New Jersey Plan | A plan at the Constitutional Convention; favored by smaller states; that called for three branches of government with a single chamber legislature |
| Roger Sherman | A founding father who helped to make The Great Compromise |
| The Great Compromise | A plan at the Constitutional Convention that settled differences between larger and smaller states |
| Three-Fifths Compromise | The compromise that slaves would over all count for ⅗ for population |
| Slave Trade Compromise | Compromise Congress from banning slavery before 1808 |
| Republic | A system of government in which citizens choose representatives to govern them |
| Habeas Corpus | The right that no person can be held in prison without first being charged by a specific crime |
| John Locke | An enlightenment thinker that Americans adopted ideas from |
| Federalists | A supported of the Constitution; who favored strong Federal or National Government |
| Antifederalists | People who opposed the Constitution and a strong National Government |
| Bill of Rights | The first 10 amendments to the American Constitution |
Created by:
Willv
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