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Urinalysis
UA/Micro - Chapter 25
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the advantages of urine testing? | urine easily available, non-invasive, doesn't require special equipment |
| what is urinalysis? | physical, chemical and microscopic analysis of urine |
| what is the composition of urine? | 95% water, 5% dissolved substances - urea, uric acid, creatinine, ammonia, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus |
| what pathological substances are found in urine? | glucose, ketones, pus, bacteria, albumin, blood, casts |
| what is POL? | physician's office laboratory |
| What is RUA? | routine urinalysis |
| What is CPE? | complete physical exam |
| What are procedures of specimen collection? | collect sufficient amount (10ml), properly labeled, avoid collecting from woman with menses, make sure pt understands how to collect |
| What is important if pt is doing a home collection of urine? | make sure pt uses clean vessel or may result in inaccurate results |
| What to do when cannot test urine within 1-2 hours? | refridgerate |
| What are different types of containers? | non-sterile, sterile, 24 hour collection container |
| What are most important things on label of container? | pt's name, DOB (never put label on the lid) |
| random collection? | no special prep, non-sterile container, avoid collecting during menses, used when only CHEMICAL analysis needed |
| first morning specimen? | first void of morning, small amts of abnormal substances easily detected, for routine urinalysis and pregnancy tests |
| catheterization collection method? | invasive & somewhat painful, MUST be placed in sterile container |
| clean catch midstream specimen? | used especially for C&S (culture & sensitivity), clean area prior to to eliminate normal flora from urethra and meatus, instruct pt to urinate into toilet & catch flow of urine |
| 24 hour collection? | container w/preservative added, pt instructed to void and discard first am on first day - ALL urine after is collected over next 24 hour, must be kept in fridge |
| fasting/timed specimen collection? | prevents interference from anything consumed, collect after fasting overnight or 2 hours after a meal, for glucose tolerance testing |
| what is renal threshold? | point at which a substance reaches a concentration in the blood high enough for the kidneys to start removing it and is detected in urine - usually indicates abnormal condition |
| what is aliquot? | portion of whole specimen when 24-hour collection done |
| what is quality control? | QC - procedures that monitor processing of laboratory specimens |
| what is routine urinalysis? | RUA - most commonly performed test, specimen must be tested w/in 1-2 hours (or refrigerate) |
| what are three parts/types of urinalysis? | physical, chemical, microscopic |
| what is physical examination? | color, clarity, specific gravity (with dipstick) |
| what is color produced by? | urochrome |
| how much urine is necessary for testing? | at least 10-12mls |
| turbid? | cloudy |
| what is specific gravity? | measure how dilute or concentrated urine is - normal 1.003-1.030 - lower the number the more dilute |
| what color is diluted urine? | clear - colorless |
| what is chemical examination? | reagent strip or dipstick, timing of each reading is critical for accurate results, read instructions, check expiration dates |
| clinitest | presence of sugars - lactose, glucose |
| acetest | ketones (purple will appear on reagent strip) |
| SSA (sulfosalicylic acid)tests for? | protein - if present urine will turn cloudy/turbid |
| ictotest | bilirubin - reagent strip will turn purple |
| microscopic culture & sensitivity(C&S) package | centrifuge necessary, separates supernatant and sediment, viewed under microscope |
| what is supernatant? | clear liquid that remains after centrifuging |
| what is sediment? | solid material in bottom of test tube after centrifuging |
| color when blood in urine? | reddish |
| color when bile in urine? | yellow-brown or greenish |
| color when fat droplets in urine? | milky color |
| how to store reagent strips? | cool, dry area with cap tightly closed |
| what are casts? | cylindrical structures - generally indicates diseased condition |
| normal color of urine? | straw to yellow |
| color of very concentrated urine? | dark yellow/amber |
| color when vitamin B is present? | bright yellow |
| color when red cells present/hematuria? | cloudy pink, red or reddish brown |
| color when RBC's aged and oxidized? | brown |
| color when liver condition/various medications present? | black |
Created by:
gcjlentz
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