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history101finalexam
western civ
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Jesus was executed by the Romans during the reign of whom? | Tiberius |
| Who were the four social-religious parties that split the Jewish world in the first century? | Sudducees, Pharisees, Essenes, Zealots |
| Of the four Jewish groups, which believed they were descendants of Sadok? | Sadducees, Essenes |
| Who was Sadok? | the high priest of Solomon |
| It is believed that the Dead Sea Scrolls were written by members of which Jewish group? | Essenes |
| What part of the New Testament was written during Jesus' lifetime? | none of it |
| Crucifixion as a form of execution was used by the Romans to punish people guilty of what? | high treason |
| The title "Christ" means what? | the Lord's Anointed, the Messiah |
| Who was most responsible for initially spreading Christianity to Gentiles? | Saul/Paul |
| Roman persecution of Christians began in 64 A.D. under the reign of which emperor? | Nero |
| Which Roman emperor issued the Edict of Milan, which tolerated Christianity? | Constantine |
| Which Roman emperor made Christianity the state religion? | Theodosius I |
| Which early church fathers asked, "What indeed has Athens to do with Jerusalem?" | Tertullian |
| How did Christians trained in Greek philosophy regard the Stoic concept of divine Logos? | They interpreted Christ as the divine/incarnate Logos in human form. |
| Christians trained in Greek philosophy believed that Plato's Forms or Ideas existed where? | God's mind |
| By what argument does the Bishop of Rome (the Pope) claim supremacy over other Bishops? | Apostle Peter founded the Roman see. Peter & Paul martyred in Rome. |
| Who first established several regulated monasteries in the East in the fourth century? | Saint Basil |
| Who established a monastery at Monte Cassino, Italy in 529? | Saint Benedict |
| Who claimed that Christ was not of the same nature, or essence of God, and that only the Father is eternal and truly God? | Arius |
| The basis of the Nicene Creed states what? | God & Christ were of the same substance, coequal, & coeternal |
| Who translated the Old and New Testament from Hebrew and Greek into Latin? | Saint Jerome |
| Who wrote "City of God"? | Augustine |
| What people sacked Rome in 410 and inspired the writing of the "City of God"? | Visigoths |
| Constantinople was built on the site of the ancient Greek city of? | Byzantium |
| What was the "Corpus Jeris Civilis"? | Rome's ancient laws, codified by Justinian & scholars, which became the official body of law of the Byzantine Empire |
| In 717, Muslims besieged Constantinople. What new weapon helped the city beat back the Muslims? | "Greek Fire" - a fiery explosive liquid shot from tubes |
| In 1453, what people finally captured the city of Constantinople? | the Ottoman Turks |
| Muhammad claimed to have been visited by what angel? | Gabriel |
| The term Islam literally means? | "surrender to Allah" |
| How do Muslims regard Jesus? | "as a great prophet, but not divine" |
| In 622, Muhammad and his followers fled Mecca for what city? | Medina |
| This flight is called? | Hegira ("emigration") |
| The successors of Muhammad are addressed by what title? | Imams |
| Muslims acquired the concept of zero and "Arabic" numerals from where? | India |
| The Muslim philosopher Ibn-Sina was known in the West as? | Avicenna |
| In the thirteenth century, Mongols from central Asia led by whom, attacked Muslim lands? | Genghis Khan |
| Who was Theodoric the Great? | Ostrogoth ruler of Rome who ordered Boethius executed |
| Who wrote "The Consolation of Philosophy"? | Boethius |
| What were the circumstances of the writer of "The Consolation of Philosophy" when he wrote this book? | He was in prison awaiting execution. |
| What work was written by Isidore of Seville? | "Etymologiae" |
| What institution survived, and thrived, the fall of the Roman Empire in the West? | the Church |
| Who began the conversion of the Irish to Christianity? | Saint Patrick |
| The Venerable Bede is best known for writing? | "Ecclesiastical History of the English People" |
| The Venerable Bede was a member of which Germanic peoples? | Anglo-Saxons |
| With the decline of cities in Europe, what became the cultural centers for Europeans? | monasteries |
| What Frankish ruler first accepted Christianity? | Clovis |
| What Frankish ruler defeated Muslim armies at the Battle of Tours in 732? | Charles Martel |
| What Frankish king invaded Italy, defeated the Lombards and gave the captured land to the Papacy? | Pepin the Short |
| Who was crowned Emperor of the Romans on Christmas day, 800 A.D.? | Charlemagne |
| Who was put in charge of the palace school established by Charlemagne? | Alcuin of York, England |
| What people originally from Asia, eventually settled in what is now Hungary after being defeated in Germany in 933 and 955? | the Magyars |
| Alfred the Great ruled which kingdom in Anglo-Saxon England? | the Saxon kingdom of Wessex |
| Who defeated the Anglo-Saxons at the Battle of Hastings in 1066, and became king of England? | William the Conqueror (duke of Normandy) |
| What was the "Domesday Book"? | census data (ordered by William) which included the number of tenants, livestock, farm equipment, etc. |
| The Magna Carta was produced during the reign of which English king? | King John |
| In 987 the Count of Paris became king of France. Who was he? | Hugh Capet |
| Eleanor of Aquitaine had married two different kings. They were? | Louis VII and Henry Plantagenet (Henry II) |
| Philip IV (the Fair) of France created the Estates General. What were the parts of the Estates General? | First Estate: the church, Second Estate: the nobility, Third Estate: the townspeople |
| As of 1059 Popes would be elected by a select group of Cardinals. Which Pope instituted this reform? | Pope Nicholas II |
| The Investiture Controversy was a conflict over what? | Bishops' power (too much)... Pope Gregory threatened Henry's authority |
| With the breakup of the Seljuk Turks in 1092, what did the Byzantine emperor do to strengthen his army? | Alexius appealed to Western rulers for mercenaries. |
| Which Pope first issued a call for a Crusade in 1095? | Pope Urban II |
| Although the First Crusade did capture Jerusalem, Muslim armies, let by whom, recaptured it in 1187? | Saladin |
| Most of the knights in the Fourth Crusade ended up attacking where? | the Christian port of Zara & Constantinople |
| Who led the Children's Crusade in 1212? | Stephen of Cloyes |
| The Cathari described the God of the Old Testament and creator of the world as how? | the god of evil |
| What monastic order was known as the hounds of the Lord because of the religious zeal? | the Dominican order |
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