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renal path
renal pathology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| clinical manifestations of nephrotic syndrom | massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia |
| minimal change disease | normal appearing glomeruli in light miscroscopy, but with the disappearance or fusing of epithelial foot process |
| minimal change disease | lipid laden renal cortices, most often seen in young children and responds well to corticosteriods |
| focal segmental glomerulosclerosis | similar to minimal change but occurs in older patients, characterized by sclerosis within capillary tufts of deep juxtamedullary glomeruli with focal or segmental distribution |
| nephrotic syndrom | a group of conditions characterized by increased basement membrane permeability |
| membranous glomerulonephritis | should be suspected in teens and young adults when nephrotic syndrom is accompanied by azotemia |
| membranous glomerulonephritis | characterized by greatly thickened capillary walls, immune complexes in intramembranous and epimembranous location and granular immunoflourescence, sometimes causing renal vein thrombosis |
| diabetic nephropathy | increase thickness of basement membrane and mesangial matrix wither diffuse or nodular glomerulosclerosis |
| nephritic syndrom | characterized by inflammatory rupture of glomerular capillaries |
| clinical manifestations of nephritic syndrome | oliguria, azotemia, HTN, and hematuria |
| post strep glomerulonephritis | group A beta hemolytic strep, complete recovery, characterized by innumerable punctate hemorrhages on the surface, enlarged hpercellular, bloodless glomeruli and lumpy bumpy immunoflourescence of IgG or C3 |
| rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis | nephritic syndrome, progressing rapidly to renal failure, crescentic |
| good pasture syndrome | caused by anti-GBM antibodies, demonstrates linear immunoflourescence and is manifested by nephritic syndrom, pneumonitis with hemoptysis, affects men in their 20's |
| alport syndrome | hereditary nephritis associated with nerve deafness and ocular disoreders caused by a muation in the alpha5 chain of type IV colagen |
| IgA nephropathy | characterized by benign recurrent hamaturia in children usually following an infection |
| membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis | slow progression to chronic renal disease, basement membrane thickening and cellular proliferation, tram track appearance |
| PKD | manifests between the ages of 15 and 30, autosomal dominant |
| PKD | parital replacement of renal parenchyma by cysts, often associated with berry aneurisms of the circle of Willis, can cause polycythemia |
| infantile PKD | multiple cysts evident at birth, autosomal recessive, reults in death shortly after birth |
| renal papillary necrosis | ischemic necrosis of the tips of the renal papillae |
| renal papillary necrosis | often associated with diabetes mellitus or phenacetin, ocassionally a consequence of acute pyelonephritis |
| ATN | most common cause of acute renal failure |
| ATN | is reversible; patient may need dialysis as repair of tubules takes 2 weeks |
| ATN | can lead to cardiac arrest due to hyperkalemia, usually during th oliguric phase |
| ATN | most frequently precipitated by renal ischemia, also assocaited with crush injury with myoglobinuria, or direct injury from toxins |
| Fanconi Syndrome | manifestation of generilzed dysfunction of proximal tubule, may be hereditary, ccharacterized by impaired reabsorption of glucose, amino acids, phosphate, and bicarb |
| cystinuria | genetically determined impairment of tubular reabsorption of cystine, mainifests clinically as cystine stones |
| hartnup disease | genetically determined impairment of tubular reabsorption of tryptophan, leads to pellagra-like manifestations |
| chronic pyelonephritis | coarse asymmetric corticomedullary scarring and deformit of renal pelvis and calyces; stars as interstitial inflammatory infiltrate followed by fibrosis and tubular atrophy |
| chronic pyelonephtritis | results of chronic urinary tract obstruction, leads to renal hypertension and end-stage renal disease |
| uremia | azotemia, acidosis, hyperkalemia, abnormal control of fluid volume, hypocalcemia, anemia, HTN |
| prerenal azotemia | results from decreased blood flow and characterized by increased tubular reabsorption of sodium and water resulting in oliguria, concentrated urin, decreased urinary sodium excretion BUN/Creatinine ratio greater than 15 |
| adenoma | bengn tumor, small and asymptomatic derived from renal tubules, may be a precursor to carcinoma |
| angiomyolipma | benign renal tumor that consists of fat, smooth muscle, and blood vessles |
| renal cell carcinoma | most common renal malignancy, originates in tubules most commonly in upper poles, frequently invades renal veins and vena cava |
| renal cell carcinoma | polygonal clear cells, can present with triad of flank pain, palpable mass, and hematuria, may have fever, secondary polycythemia, ectopic production of hormones |
| wilms tumor | most common renal malignancy of early childhood, highest incidence from 2-4 years, most often presents with palpable mass |
| transitional cell carcinoma | has been associated with phenacetin abuse, presents with hematuria, tends to spread by local extension to surrounding tissues (can be caused/ associated with benxidine or beta naphthylamine, cigarette smoking, and long term treatment with cyclophophamide) |
| squamous cell carcinoma | can result from chronic inflammatory process, can be associated with renal calculi |
Created by:
swohlers
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