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Royal Absolutism
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Scientific Revolution | Influenced by Renaissance, begins era of modern science in the 1600s |
| Scientific method | Organized way of reasoning and thinking. Before this, no repetition of studies was done, so rarely proof was accurate |
| Geocentric | Belief that earth is in center of universe |
| Heliocentric | Belief that sun is in center of universe |
| Kepler | Found that planets move in ellipses, not actual circles |
| Galileo | Uses better developed telescope to see imperfections in own moon and other planets' moons. Published many books |
| Newton | Developed law of gravity and motion |
| Enlightenment | Also called the age of reason, starts in 1600 England but is strongest in 1700 France. Popular mostly in middle to higher class |
| Optimism, rationality, progress, perfectibility. | Beliefs of Enlightenment, that humans were naturally good but could improve. |
| Montesquieu | Believed in a government separated into 3 branches |
| Voltaire | Believed in freedom of speech and religion |
| Adam Smith | Wrote Wealth of Nations explaining capitalism / free enterprise. Believed in a laissez faire government |
| Rousseau | Believed highly in education as the cure to evil |
| Diderot | Helped write the volumes of the first encyclopedia |
| Balanced government, limited monarch power, freedom of religion, equality before law, education, no censorship. | General beliefs of Enlightenment philosophes |
| Liberalism | Also called the child of the Enlightenment, believed in liberty and equality in the eyes of God and the law. Against absolutism, liked representative governments |
| The level playing field theory | Liberalist idea that everyone should have an equal opportunity to thrive and grow |
| Phillip II | Spanish monarch - son of Charles V. A devout Catholic. Plans but fails in a coup to take over Elizabeth I's England (!1588!) |
| James I | English monarch after being Scottish monarch who replaces Elizabeth I 1603. Starts the new Stuart dynasty. (Strong royal power). Had issues w/ mostly Puritan government |
| Louis XIV | French monarch known as "Sun King." The epitome of royal power. Leaves French in financial crisis after death |
| Frederick II | Prussian monarch - part of "1st Reich." Military strength used to expand land |
| Maria Theresa | Austrian monarch - part of Habsburg dynasty - very dedicated. Had 16 kids (the more available, the more able to marry to other countries' royal powers). |
| Ivan IV | Russian monarch - Nicknamed the Terrible because brutal. Also killed own son |
| Peter I | Russian monarch - part of last Russian dynasty before communism, Romanov. Helped Russia modernize (westernize) and moved Moscow capital as the "Window to West" |
| Catherine II | Polish monarch - known as promiscuous. Adapted to Russian culture and expanded the Polish territory |
| Thomas Hobbes | Believed in an archaic state of nature before government. Believed in a social contract between the people so king could have all power. Believed in an absolute monarchy because didn't believe people were naturally good |
| John Locke | Believed in archaic state of nature before government. Believed in social contract between people and leader. Believed in natural human rights as life, liberty, property |
| Charles I | James I son, who did not call Parliament into session for 11 years. When he needed money to end a Scottish revolt, calls Parliament, where they enact laws limiting royal power and control military. |
| English Civil War | Argument risen from Charles I's overuse of his royal power, and Parliament's curbing of it |
| Cavaliers | Royal side of the English Civil War |
| Roundheads | Parliament's side of the English Civil War, who wins, and is led by Oliver Cromwell |
| Oliver Cromwell aka Lord Protector | Leader of the Roundheads during the English Civil War, who becomes Charles I's replacement after he is beheaded. Unpopular because of his Puritan ruling and high tax |
| Charles II | Takes power as part of the Restoration of 1660, which was a peaceful return for Parliament. He had no heir |
| James II | Takes power for his brother, Charles II. The problem is, he is Catholic, and has a Catholic son with his second wife. Fortunately, he is overthrown peacefully, and replaced by first daughter, Mary. |
| Mary II | James II daughter, who becomes queen, and signs English Civil Rights that states that monarchy is limited - Glorious Revolution 1688 |
| Copernicus | Was a religion person, but didn't believe in geocentrism |
Created by:
uriel_magana
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