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chapter 14 and 15
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| three field system | a rotational system for agriculture in which 2 fields grow food while the others lies fallow |
| Black Death | an outbreak of the bubonic plague that spread through Asia north Africa and Europe |
| water wheel | a mechanism that harnesses the energy of flowing water to grind grain or power machines |
| haneastic league | an economic and defensive alliance of free towns in northern germany |
| guild | an association of men such as artisans or professors who worked in particular trade and worked together |
| Gothic cathedral | large churches built in the style of pointed arches, tall vaults and spires, flying buttresses and large stained glass windows |
| renaissance | a period of intense artistic artistic and intellectual activity said to be the rebirth of greco-roman culture |
| universities | degree granting institutions of higher learning |
| scholasticism | a philosophical and theological system devised to reconcile Aristotelian philosophy and roman catholic theology |
| humanists | European scholars, writers and teachers associates with the study of humanities |
| printing press | a mechanical device for transferring test or graphics from a wood block or type to paper using ink |
| great western schism | a division in the Latin christian church when rival claimants to the papacy existed |
| hundred years war | series of campaigns over control of the throne of france |
| new monarchies | historians' term for monarchies in France England and Spain from 1450-1600 |
| reconquest | beginning in the 11th century military campaigns by varias Iberian Christians to recapture territories |
| zheng he | an imperial eunuch and Muslim entrusted by the Ming empire yongle |
| arawak | a meridian people who inhibited the greater Antilles |
| henry the navigator | Portuguese prince who promoted the study of navigation |
| caravel | a small highly maneuverable 3 masted ship |
| gold coast | a region of the Atlantic coast of west Africa occupied by modern Shana |
| Bartholomeu dias | portuguese explorer who circumnavigated the globe |
| vasco de gama | portuguese explorer that the first expedition from Europe to sail to India |
| Christopher Columbus | genoese mariner who in the service of spain led expeditions across the atlantic |
| ferdinand magellan | potuguese navigator who was the first to sail around the world |
| conquistadors | early 16th century Spanish adventurers who conquered mexico central america and pure |
| hernan cortes | Spanish explorer who led the conquest at the Inca empire |
| Montezuma II | Aztec emperor who died while in custody of the Spanish conquistador cortes |
| Francisco pizarro | Spanish explorer who led the conquest at the Inca empire |
| Atahualpa | last ruling Inca emperor of Peru that was executed by the Spanish |
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