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infection control
UA/Micro Chapter 8
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| BUN | blood, urea, nitrogen |
| CDC | Centers for Disease Control |
| OSHA | Occupational Safety & Health Administration |
| epidemology | study of infectious disease |
| normal flora | helpful and necessary for life processes |
| pathogens or infectious agents | microorganisms that cause disease |
| stages of infection cycle | infectious agent, reservoir/source, portal of exit, means of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host |
| infectious agents | bacteria, viruses, parasites (Rickettsia), protozoa, fungus (mold & yeast) |
| examples of reservoir | almost anything - vectors, water, food, fomites, humans |
| means of transmission | direct & indirect contact, vertical transmission, airborne, droplet, iatrogenic, inhalation |
| iatrogenic transmission | due to medical treatments, procedures, surgeries, injections |
| portal of entry/portal of exit | inhaled, ingested, absorbed - respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, reproductive tracts |
| anaerobes | microorganisms that grow without O2 |
| environmental requirements for microorganisms | nutrients, O2 or no O2, temperature, PH, darkness, moisture, |
| stages of infection | invasion/multiplication, incubation, prodromal, acute, declining, convalescent |
| invasion stage | pathogenic microorganism enters body and begins to multiply, no signs or symptoms |
| incubation | first sign or symptoms |
| prodromal | definitive signs or symptoms i.e. fever, rash |
| acute | infection at its peak |
| declining | symptoms subside |
| convalescent | return to original state of health |
| inflammatory response | body's natural reaction to infection - to heal and replace injured tissue |
| cell-mediated immunity | T-cells activated - directly attack cancer cells, viruses, etc. (phagocytes) (thymus) |
| humoral immunity | B-cell lymphocytes produce antibodies that lock into antigen and neutralize (bone marrow) |
| immunity | body's ability to defend itself against pathogens and toxins |
| natural immunity | occurs as a result of being exposed to a pathogen |
| natural active immunity | direct exposure to antigen - body builds it's own protection |
| natural passive immunity | antibodies passed from mother to fetus |
| artificial immunity | occurs as a result of being given either antigen or antibodies |
| artificial passive immunity | pt is injected with antibodies (immunoglobulins) |
| artificial active immunity | pt given small amounts of antigen (immunization) to stimulate antibody reaction |
| live attenuated vaccine | weakened form of pathogen - produce antibodies against pathogen (MMR) |
| asepsis | free of germs |
| medical asepsis | destruction of microorganisms after leaving the body |
| surgical asepsis | destruction of microorganisms before they enter the body (sterilization for surgery) |
| hypochlorite solution | bleach (10%) |
| hepatitis | inflammation of the liver |
| Exposure Control Plan | developed by employer to protect employees that are at risk for exposure for BBP or OPIM |
| OPIM | other potentially infected materials |
| BBP | blood borne pathogens |
| regulated waste | infectious waste - medical waste contaminated with blood, body fluids, OPIM |
| work practice controls | methods used in workplace to protect employees from exposure |
| resident flora | normal flora present on skin |
| transient flora | bacteria on hands picked up via contaminated objects |
| nosocomial | disease originating in hospital - flora not found on hands |
| sanitization | cleaning process to remove tissue, blood or body fluids |
| disinfection | destroying microorganisms on fomites using chemicals (except for spores) |
| sterilization | complete destruction of all microorganisms - usually by autoclave |
| antigen | invading organism (bacteria or virus) that stimulates antibody production |
| antibodies | produced by B-cells (B-lymphocytes) attach to specific antigen to neutralize it |
| seroconversion | point at which antibodies are detectable in serum |
| SDS (MSDS) | safety data sheet (material SDS) |
| systemic signs of inflammation | fever, leukocytes, swollen lymph nodes, rashes, increased pulse |
| local signs of inflammation | redness, heat, pain, swelling |
Created by:
gcjlentz
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