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Skeletal System Voc
Skeletal System Chapter 6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| allogenic | originating from a different origin, as in a transplant of tissue from a matching donor but not the individual (recipient) |
| ankylosing spondylitis | type of arthritis that affects the vertebral column and causes deformities of the spine |
| arthrodesis | surgical fusion of a joint |
| articular cartilage | thin layer of cartilage that covers the ends of the long bones and the surfaces of the joint |
| bone depressions | concave, indented areas or openings in bones |
| bone markings | specific features of individual bones |
| bone processes | projections or outgrowths of bones |
| cancellous bone | spongy bone, not as dense as a compact bone |
| cervical vertebrae | vertebrae or bones of the neck, C1 through C7 |
| compact bone | hard outer shell of the bone |
| condyle | knuck-like projection at the end of a bone |
| costochondritis | inflammation of the rib cartilage of the anterior chest wall |
| crest | distinct border or ridge, as in iliac crest |
| diaphysis | main shaft-like portion of a bone |
| epiphyseal line | a layer of cartilage that separates the diaphysis form the epiphysis of a bone; also known as the epiphyseal plate |
| epiphysis | the end of a bone |
| false ribs | rib pairs 8 through 10, connect to the vertebrae in the back but not to the sternum in the front, join the 7th rib in the front |
| fissure | a groove or depression in a bone; a sulcus |
| flat bones | bones that are broad and thin with flat or curved surfaces, such as the sternum |
| floating ribs | rib pairs 11 and 12, which connect to the vertebrae in the back but are free of any attachment in the front |
| fontanelle or fontanel | space between the bones of an infant's cranium; "soft spot" |
| foreman | hole in a bone through which blood vessels or nerves pass |
| fossa | hollow or concave depression in a bone |
| haversian canals | system of small canals within compact bone that contain blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves |
| hematopoiesis | the normal formation and development of blood cells in the bone marrow |
| hemopoietic, hematopoietic | formation of blood cells |
| intercostal spaces | spaces between the ribs |
| intervertebral disk | a flat, circular, plate-like structure of cartilage that serves as a cushion between vertebrae |
| long bones | bones that longer than they are wide and with distinctive shaped ends, such as the femur |
| lumbar vertebrae | vertebrae of the lower back, L1 through L5 |
| medullary cavity | the center portion of the shaft of a long bone containing the red and yellow marrow |
| ossification | the conversion of cartilage and fibrous connective tissue to bone; the formation of bone |
| osteoblasts | immature bone cells that actively produce bony tissue |
| osteoclasts | large cells that absorb or digest old bone tissue |
| osteocytes | mature bone cells |
| osteonecrosis | the death of bone tissue; possibly form trauma or some disease process |
| periosteum | the thick, white, fibrous membrane that covers the surface of a long bone |
| red bone marrow | the soft, semifluid substance located in the small spaces of cancellous bone that is the source of blood cell production |
| resorption | the process of removing or digesting old bone tissue |
| sesamoid bones | irregular bones imbedded in tendons near a joint, as in the kneecap |
| short bones | bones that are about as long as they are wide and somewhat box-shaped |
| sinus | an opening or hollow space in a bone; a cavity within a bone |
| spine | a sharp projection from the surface of a bone; similar to a crest |
| stenosis | an abnormal condition characterized by a narrowing or restriction of an opening or passageway in a body structure |
| subluxation | incomplete dislocation |
| sulcus | a groove or depression in a bone; a fissure |
| sutures | immovable joints |
| synovectomy | surgical removal of the synovial membrane from a joint |
| thoracic vertebrae | the 12 vertebrae of the chest, T1 through T12 |
| trabeculae | needle-like bony spicules within cancellous bone that contribute to the spongy appearance |
| trochanter | large bony process located below the neck of the femur |
| true ribs | the first 7 pair of ribs, which connect to the vertebrae in the back and to the sternum in the front |
| tubercle | a small rounded process of a bone |
| tuberosity | an elevated, broad, rounded process of a bone |
| vertebral foramen | a large opening in the center of each vertebra that serves as a passageway for the spinal cord |
| yellow marrow | located in the diaphysis of long bones, consists of fatty tissue and is inactive in the formation of blood cells |
| True Ribs | Pairs 1-7; connected directly to the sternum |
| False Ribs | Pairs 8-12; connected to the sternum through cartilage or not at all |
| Floating Ribs | Pairs 11 and12; connected only to the thoracic vertebrae |
| Osteoporosis | occurs most frequently in postmenopausal women; major factor is hormonal; loss of standing height of greater than 2 inches; cervical kyphosis |
| Kyphosis | hump back or hunchback (outward) |
| Lordosis | swayback (inward) |
| Scoliosis | sideward (lateral) |
| Osteomalacia | bone become soft; deficiency of calcium and phosphorus in the blood; occur in children, called rickets; |
| Osteomyelitis | local or generalized bone and bone marrow infection from bacteria; frequently caused by staphylococcal infection, spread from adjacent infection to bone; through blood; or directly through injury or surgery |
| Ewing's Sarcoma | malignant tumor of the bone, common to young adults, particularly adolescent boys; usually develops in the long bone or the pelvis; 65% cure rate; chemotherapy, radiation, surgery to remove the tumor or amputation |
| Paget's Disease | nonmetabolic disease of the bone, excessive destruction and unorganized bone formation; bone is weak and prone to fracture, osteitis defomans; severe case may require surgery to repair damage to bones and surrounding tissues |
| Spinal Stenosis | most common in older adults, pain is normally the first symptom; severe cases bladder and bowel dysfunction; tingling, numbness or muscle weakness |
| Talipes Equinovarus | clubfoot; surgery |
| Compound Fracture | Closed and open |
| Greenstick Fracture | Complete and Incomplete |
| Compression Fracture | caused by bone surfaces being forced against each other |
| Impacted Fracture | direct force causes the bone to break, forcing the broken end of the smaller bone into the broken end of the large bone |
| Comminuted Fracture | is a break or splinter of the bone into more than two fragments |
| Pathological Fracture | bone weakened by a preexisting disease, breaks in response to a force that would not cause of normal bone to break |
| Hairline Fracture | stress fracture; minor fracture |
| Reduction | aligning the bone fragments through manual manipulation or traction; close or open |
| Fixation | maintain the bone alignment; close: cast, splint; open: screws, pins, nails and wires |
| Bone Marrow Aspiration | removing small sample of bone marrow with a needle; preferred sites: sternum, iliac crest and broad end of the tibia |
| Elongated middle portion or shaft of a long bone, also referred to as the body: | Diaphysis |
| The tibia is a... | long bone |
| A degenerative inflammatory disease of the CNS that attacks the myelin sheath in the spinal cord and brain | Multiple Sclerosis |
Created by:
wallace263
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