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Mr. K Middle East
Middle East Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Torah | the first five books of the Hebrew Bible- the most sacred writings in the Jewish tradition |
| Abraham | the "father" of the Hebrew people chosen by God |
| Moses | the man who led the Hebrews out of slavery |
| Israel | a kingdom of the united Hebrews in Palestine, lasting from about 1020 to 922 B.C.; later, the northernmost of the two Hebrew kingdoms; now, the Jewish nation that was established in Palestine in 1948. |
| Palestine | a region at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea that was inhabited by the Phoenicians |
| assyria | a Southwest Asian kingdom that controlled a large empire from about 850 to 612 B.C. |
| Nebuchadnezzar | a Chaldean king who restored Babylon |
| Cyrus | Persia's king in 550 B.C. |
| Darius | a noble of the ruling dynasty who seized the Persian throne in 522-521 B.C. |
| Royal Road | a road in the Persian Empire, stretching over 1,600 miles from Susa in Persia to Sardis in Anatolia |
| Zoroaster | a Persian prophetand religious reformer who lived around 600 B.C. |
| Allah | God (an Arabic word, used mainly in Islam) |
| Islam | a monotheistic religion that developed in Arabia in the seventh century A.D. |
| Muslim | a follower of Islam |
| Hijrah | Muhammad's migration form Mecca to Yathrib (Medina) in A.D. 622 |
| Qur'an | the holy book of Islam |
| Five Pillars | the duties to demonstrate a Muslim's submission to the will of God: faith, prayer, alms, fasting, and pilgrimage |
| Sunna | an Islamic model for living, based on the life and teachings of Muhammad |
| Shariah | a body of law governing the lives of Muslims |
| Caliph | a supreme political and religious leader in a Muslim government |
| House of Wisdom | a center of learning established in Baghdad in the 800s |
| calligraphy | the art of beautiful handwriting |
| mamelukes | Turkish slaves who served as soldiers and bodyguards in the Abbasid Empire |
| Seljuks | a Turkish group who migrated into the Abbasid Empire in the 10th century and established their own empire in the 11th century |
| vizier | a prime minister in a Muslim kingdom of empire |
| Malik Shah | the most famous of Seljuk sultans |